237. 2011/04/26 Woke/Woken up around 6:30 after sleeping 4 or4.5 hours. Remember a strong electric shock on the head as a r noise which sounded like hard hit the ceiling or wall that seemed to have come from Room 202.It happened exactly when I was falling asleep after drinking hot milk so that I could sleep after being unable to sleep for several hours.
Took a nap from 4:30 to 8:20. When I was falling asleep, a Zapping sound glided over the ceiling. It was like a bird glided in a huge magnetic field covering my ceiling. When I took out garbage, I noticed the sign of my apartment company was down on the street in front of the building. It was attached to the outside of the railing next to my apartment door.
2011/04/27 Slept 7 hours straight. Some electric shocks when falling asleep.
2011/04/28 Slept 4 + 3 hours. Woken up by a noise early in the morning. The noise was like that of car-blast or computer game. When I got out of the loft, the noise became weaker. I put my ears to the walls and the floor but heard nothing. When I went back to the loft, wore earmuffs, and lay to sleep again, the noise became loud again. It was like a car-blast on highway. Electric shocks when falling asleep both the first and the second time. When I woke up, I had a headache that felt like concussion and it lasted till late in the afternoon.
2011年4月27日水曜日
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, the more college graduates, the better?
Writing Topic:
Some people believe that a college or university diploma has become far less meaningful than before, with ever larger percentages of people receiving higher-levels of education. Others believe that it is a positive development to have increasing numbers of students graduating from college. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with?
Let’s Think:
This topic is made up of three parts: a hint, a direction, and a question. The hint introduces two opposite views about the increase of the number of university students. Then you are directed to discuss these two views and asked which view you share. The first thing to do to answer this question is to read these views carefully and analyze them.
The first view is negative about increasing numbers of university students. It says that a college degree is “far less meaningful” “with ever larger percentages of people receiving higher levels of education.” This reminds you of the phrase, “scarcity value”. This opinion sees a college or university diploma as something like a commodity that has a value in the market. The market is probably the job market in this case. When you apply for a job, having a higher educational background than others is a plus. Fifty years ago, a college or university diploma was a rare qualification and having one was a great advantage in getting a high-paying job, but now, most people in developed countries go to college and there is little advantage in having a bachelor’s degree when you try to find a job.
The second view says that having more college graduates is a positive development. It is probably about the development of society with the increase of the number of highly-educated citizens. What is good about society filled with people with higher-levels of education? What is good about them? They can read and write well. They have a lot of general knowledge and have been trained to think scientifically, which is to think logically and to conclude based on evidences. Many of them also have special knowledge and skills for specific jobs. Developing countries with good leaders spend a lot of money on education because they need human resources to build their countries: engineers, office workers, teachers, and many other professions that require at least a college degree. This is fundamentally true to developed countries, too. Increasing numbers of college graduates indicates prosperity.
Both views have a point. The difference between them might be the values. In the first view, a bachelor’s degree is a qualification for job-hunting. In the second view, it is seen as a building block of society.
Essay for Ideas and Expressions:
I think the increase of the number of college graduates is good for both society and individuals. It will contribute to the development of society and will enrich personal life.
It is true that the value of college diploma as qualification goes down as more people go to college. Having a bachelor’s degree is no longer an advantage in competition, especially in the job market. Fifty years ago, graduating from college or university was an accomplishment, but now, most people in developed countries go to college and no one makes much of a college degree anymore.
However, it is also true that having higher numbers of college graduates is a positive development. As the education level of a society goes up, so do the living standards of the people. In a developed economy, where most members of the society already enjoy a high standard of living but the economic growth is slow, college or university education seems to be redundant. Many college graduates are doing the job that high school graduates were doing fifty years ago. However, the fact that the same job is done by a person with higher academic background means the society benefits from the well-educated workforce. The job can be done much better or more quickly. Also, if a larger percentage of citizens are well-educated, it will be easier to reach a consensus and implement decisions on issues that require higher levels of knowledge to understand. A group of people can work more effectively when the members know what they are doing and work pro-actively than when they blindly follow orders of someone in authority. The more conscious and informed citizens become, the more critical issues they can solve by themselves. This is especially important when they have a delinquent government. Intelligent citizens won’t let it deceive them and ruin their lives.
At the same time, more individuals having the luxury of spending four years in learning something special means more people given chances to make their lives more fulfilling. At university, people are trained to think in scientific ways, see things from multiple perspectives, and keep themselves informed and inspired even after graduation. The increasing numbers of housewives with college diplomas means more informed mothers and more women who know more ways to enjoy life.
I personally consider it intrinsically good that more people are given chances to have contact with the best in education. Experiences in highly academic circumstances will light up each individual’s life and collectively this is good for society. Therefore, I believe that it is a positive development to have more college graduates. If the world needs to be geared a little bit more toward corporation, away from competition, in order to find ways out of the crises we are in now, better access to higher education might be the thing that should be celebrated.
Some people believe that a college or university diploma has become far less meaningful than before, with ever larger percentages of people receiving higher-levels of education. Others believe that it is a positive development to have increasing numbers of students graduating from college. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with?
Let’s Think:
This topic is made up of three parts: a hint, a direction, and a question. The hint introduces two opposite views about the increase of the number of university students. Then you are directed to discuss these two views and asked which view you share. The first thing to do to answer this question is to read these views carefully and analyze them.
The first view is negative about increasing numbers of university students. It says that a college degree is “far less meaningful” “with ever larger percentages of people receiving higher levels of education.” This reminds you of the phrase, “scarcity value”. This opinion sees a college or university diploma as something like a commodity that has a value in the market. The market is probably the job market in this case. When you apply for a job, having a higher educational background than others is a plus. Fifty years ago, a college or university diploma was a rare qualification and having one was a great advantage in getting a high-paying job, but now, most people in developed countries go to college and there is little advantage in having a bachelor’s degree when you try to find a job.
The second view says that having more college graduates is a positive development. It is probably about the development of society with the increase of the number of highly-educated citizens. What is good about society filled with people with higher-levels of education? What is good about them? They can read and write well. They have a lot of general knowledge and have been trained to think scientifically, which is to think logically and to conclude based on evidences. Many of them also have special knowledge and skills for specific jobs. Developing countries with good leaders spend a lot of money on education because they need human resources to build their countries: engineers, office workers, teachers, and many other professions that require at least a college degree. This is fundamentally true to developed countries, too. Increasing numbers of college graduates indicates prosperity.
Both views have a point. The difference between them might be the values. In the first view, a bachelor’s degree is a qualification for job-hunting. In the second view, it is seen as a building block of society.
Essay for Ideas and Expressions:
I think the increase of the number of college graduates is good for both society and individuals. It will contribute to the development of society and will enrich personal life.
It is true that the value of college diploma as qualification goes down as more people go to college. Having a bachelor’s degree is no longer an advantage in competition, especially in the job market. Fifty years ago, graduating from college or university was an accomplishment, but now, most people in developed countries go to college and no one makes much of a college degree anymore.
However, it is also true that having higher numbers of college graduates is a positive development. As the education level of a society goes up, so do the living standards of the people. In a developed economy, where most members of the society already enjoy a high standard of living but the economic growth is slow, college or university education seems to be redundant. Many college graduates are doing the job that high school graduates were doing fifty years ago. However, the fact that the same job is done by a person with higher academic background means the society benefits from the well-educated workforce. The job can be done much better or more quickly. Also, if a larger percentage of citizens are well-educated, it will be easier to reach a consensus and implement decisions on issues that require higher levels of knowledge to understand. A group of people can work more effectively when the members know what they are doing and work pro-actively than when they blindly follow orders of someone in authority. The more conscious and informed citizens become, the more critical issues they can solve by themselves. This is especially important when they have a delinquent government. Intelligent citizens won’t let it deceive them and ruin their lives.
At the same time, more individuals having the luxury of spending four years in learning something special means more people given chances to make their lives more fulfilling. At university, people are trained to think in scientific ways, see things from multiple perspectives, and keep themselves informed and inspired even after graduation. The increasing numbers of housewives with college diplomas means more informed mothers and more women who know more ways to enjoy life.
I personally consider it intrinsically good that more people are given chances to have contact with the best in education. Experiences in highly academic circumstances will light up each individual’s life and collectively this is good for society. Therefore, I believe that it is a positive development to have more college graduates. If the world needs to be geared a little bit more toward corporation, away from competition, in order to find ways out of the crises we are in now, better access to higher education might be the thing that should be celebrated.
2011年4月25日月曜日
People in the evacuation zone in Fukushima are going to be “left in limbo”?
People are told to evacuate because of the radio-active hazard and yet have not been given the way out.
Source:
Movers turn away evacuees / People told to relocate get cold shoulder from moving firms
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110424002266.htm
Source:
Movers turn away evacuees / People told to relocate get cold shoulder from moving firms
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T110424002266.htm
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
236. 2011/04/25 Bursting electric shocks kept attacking my head rather incessantly after I went to bed a little past midnight. I thought attacks were every 5 to 10 minutes and they kept coming till one hour later, when I saw the clock it was actually a little before 3:00 a.m. After that, or maybe already before, I slept close to the edge of the loft. The shocks kept coming, some of which caused fits. I woke up around 9:30.
When I was doing winter skirt laundry, a call from my apartment company came. The person asked my if there have been strange noise or something because there have been some complaints. I told her what I have been saying over the 5 years, focusing on the noise and electric shocks I have been experiencing since I have moved here. I also mentioned that there are some who complain the same sort of thing, there is a group calling for a bill to stop harassment related to electronic devices, and technologically it is possible to concentrate a sound on a spot and there is a device made for the purpose.
The person seemed to have problem finding proper words to process my complaint, probably because of the nature of the alleged problem, so I told her that I no longer expect her company to do anything anymore because of the strangeness of this problem and because things have changed much and the main problem, electric shocks, has not gone even though I have asked the company for help many times.
I also told her that I have consulted an acquaintance and I have been recording this problem in Japanese and English.
I asked what kind of noise was complained of and the person said, “Some footsteps.” I told her I know nothing about the footsteps and when I was about to ask when and where the footsteps were heard, she hurriedly thanked me and finished the call.
When I was doing winter skirt laundry, a call from my apartment company came. The person asked my if there have been strange noise or something because there have been some complaints. I told her what I have been saying over the 5 years, focusing on the noise and electric shocks I have been experiencing since I have moved here. I also mentioned that there are some who complain the same sort of thing, there is a group calling for a bill to stop harassment related to electronic devices, and technologically it is possible to concentrate a sound on a spot and there is a device made for the purpose.
The person seemed to have problem finding proper words to process my complaint, probably because of the nature of the alleged problem, so I told her that I no longer expect her company to do anything anymore because of the strangeness of this problem and because things have changed much and the main problem, electric shocks, has not gone even though I have asked the company for help many times.
I also told her that I have consulted an acquaintance and I have been recording this problem in Japanese and English.
I asked what kind of noise was complained of and the person said, “Some footsteps.” I told her I know nothing about the footsteps and when I was about to ask when and where the footsteps were heard, she hurriedly thanked me and finished the call.
2011年4月24日日曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
235. 2011/04/24 On 23ed, went to bed around 4:30 or 5:00 a.m. because incessant electric attacks kept coming for 20 or 30minutes and I gave up trying to sleep and worked till that time. I slept till a little before 10:00 and went to work. I came home around 21:30 and browsed the Internet for about an hour or so before going to bed. When I went to bed, I felt as if I had had a concussion. Especially, I had a funny feeling in my front teeth. I went to bed around 1:00 a.m. and slept until 9:30. I remember a very big fit that made my whole body jolt occurred during sleep. It felt like a lightning bolt hit me and the shaking body made a noise that sounded like zahzazah!
When I finished cooking breakfast and took it to my main room, I heard someone leave the next door. I rushed to my door, opened it, and looked out, but railings hid the whole body of the person who was walking down the stairs. I rushed back to the main room and opened the window facing the street. I saw a thin man, probably around 170 cm or 5 ft. 8 in., in a white shirt and black pants with a short haircut, who looked like a student or a graduate student, walking away fast from my apartment building. I kept watching and the man turned around half way. It was a white, expressionless face with slit-like eyes, not prominent nose, and rather small mouth. It looked at me with its expressionless or sleepy, or a little reproachful, eyes for a second, turned back, and went away.
When I finished cooking breakfast and took it to my main room, I heard someone leave the next door. I rushed to my door, opened it, and looked out, but railings hid the whole body of the person who was walking down the stairs. I rushed back to the main room and opened the window facing the street. I saw a thin man, probably around 170 cm or 5 ft. 8 in., in a white shirt and black pants with a short haircut, who looked like a student or a graduate student, walking away fast from my apartment building. I kept watching and the man turned around half way. It was a white, expressionless face with slit-like eyes, not prominent nose, and rather small mouth. It looked at me with its expressionless or sleepy, or a little reproachful, eyes for a second, turned back, and went away.
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, Integrated Writing Sample Answer 3
Question:
Summarize the points in the lecture and make it clear how they cast doubt on the ideas of the writer.
Sample Answer:
The lecture is focused on rebutting the points made in the text. The professor argues that organic crops are safer and more nutritious than non-organic crops and that the apparent little effect of eating organic crops is due to other harmful foods that are taken in with them.
The text says that the amounts of the residue of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional produce are below dangerous levels, arguing that otherwise those corps would not have been approved to be sold to the public. However, the professor reminds the long-term effect of consuming small amounts of harmful substances and points out the rising rates of cancer and some other disorders that seem to be related to them.
The next point the text makes is that organic crops are no more nutritious than non-organic crops, while the professor says that organic crops are richer in vitamins and other minerals that are good for health.
The writer of the text insists that eating organic food has no tangible health effect as far as he/she knows and concludes that the improvement of health that proponents report might be some mental effect. For that matter, the professor says that this is not because organic crops are good for nothing but because people who think they are benefitting nothing from organic food diet usually eat not only organic food but also many more food-like substances that are harmful to the body. (236 words)
この解答例の構成
第1段落: Lectureの要約
第2段落: 無農薬野菜に含まれる化学物質に関するTextの主張とLectureの反論
第3段落: 無農薬野菜の栄養価に関するTextの主張とLectureの反論
第4段落: 無農薬野菜の健康への効果に関するTextの主張とLectureの反論
Summarize the points in the lecture and make it clear how they cast doubt on the ideas of the writer.
Sample Answer:
The lecture is focused on rebutting the points made in the text. The professor argues that organic crops are safer and more nutritious than non-organic crops and that the apparent little effect of eating organic crops is due to other harmful foods that are taken in with them.
The text says that the amounts of the residue of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional produce are below dangerous levels, arguing that otherwise those corps would not have been approved to be sold to the public. However, the professor reminds the long-term effect of consuming small amounts of harmful substances and points out the rising rates of cancer and some other disorders that seem to be related to them.
The next point the text makes is that organic crops are no more nutritious than non-organic crops, while the professor says that organic crops are richer in vitamins and other minerals that are good for health.
The writer of the text insists that eating organic food has no tangible health effect as far as he/she knows and concludes that the improvement of health that proponents report might be some mental effect. For that matter, the professor says that this is not because organic crops are good for nothing but because people who think they are benefitting nothing from organic food diet usually eat not only organic food but also many more food-like substances that are harmful to the body. (236 words)
この解答例の構成
第1段落: Lectureの要約
第2段落: 無農薬野菜に含まれる化学物質に関するTextの主張とLectureの反論
第3段落: 無農薬野菜の栄養価に関するTextの主張とLectureの反論
第4段落: 無農薬野菜の健康への効果に関するTextの主張とLectureの反論
2011年4月23日土曜日
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, The reason why you think the actor/lawyer/tour guide is important to your society
Writing Topic:
Many different jobs are important to society for different reasons. Select one of these jobs and explain why you think that job is helpful to your society: 1) actor, 2) lawyer, 3) tour guide.
Let’s Think:
This topic has two directions. The first direction is “Select one of these jobs,” so you are supposed to choose one of the three jobs given at the end of the topic. The next direction is to explain how you think your society benefits from the job you have chosen. You are not required to compare the three jobs, and neither are you required to choose the most important. The topic just says, “Choose one and explain why it is important to your society?” Note the first sentence of this topic: Many different jobs are important to society for different reasons. This means that you cannot say a certain job is more important than another in many cases; each job has its own significance. From this, we can infer that comparing the importance of these three jobs is not the point of this topic.
☆The same types of questions:
The same type TOEFL Writing Topics as this one are as follows:
(1) Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people’s lives.
• automobiles • bicycles • airplanes
(2) Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved.
☆Similar but different types of questions:
Now, here are question patterns that look similar to but different from that of today’s topic:
(3) A friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either
• to go on vacation • to buy a car
Your friend has asked you for advice. Compare your friend’s two choices and explain which one you think your friend should choose.
(4) What do you want most in a friend — someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable? Which one of these characteristics is most important to you?
Question (3) requires you to compare the choices, and to answer question (4), you have to choose the one you think the most important.
The following type of question is also a different kind from the topic of this week:
(5) You have enough money to purchase either a house or a business. Which would you choose to buy?
To answer this question, you need to compare the choices even though you are not required to because of the given condition: to spend a large amount of money on either of the two choices. This automatically requires you to compare them before making your choice.
Hints for points:
☆An actor …
♦helps you learn about people, life, and the world.
-- by participating in a movie on something special like a historical incident or a personal event (e.g. the Vietnam War, patients and doctors fighting a formidable disease, etc.)
♦helps you live a life which is totally different from yours or a fictional life that are often more real than a real life.
-- by playing a role of a character in different times and places (e.g. a famous but solitary diver who feels at home in the deep sea, a man who was sentenced life in prison for the crime he did not commit, a hero who liberates people trapped in the cyberspace, etc.)
☆A lawyer …
♦protects one’s rights.
-- by giving advice on what claim one can make and preparing for the law suit (e.g. finding the evidence of the wrongdoing of someone’s former employer who dismissed him without any proper reason and representing him in filing a law suit against the company
♦can shed light on serious issues in society and help make a difference.
-- by taking up a case influential to society (e.g. deaths related to pollution, a murder case in which a minority person killed his employer who was rich, white, and abusive, etc.)
☆A tour guide …
♦helps people experience different places and cultures.
-- by assisting tourists make the most of their tour (e.g. giving information, translating languages, making arrangements for tourists, etc.)
♦works as a citizen diplomat.
-- by assisting in mutual understanding (e.g. helping tourists and the people in the place they are visiting communicate with each other, leaving good impression of the people and the country in tourists’ minds and vice versa, etc.)
Sample Paragraph:
【主張】Lawyers protect our rights. 【主張の説明】A lawyer can give advice on what claim one can make and will prepare for the law suit. 【具体例】For example, if there is an employee whose contract has been terminated for no reason, the lawyer will find the evidence of the wrongdoing of the client’s former employer and will represent him in filing a law suit against the company. 【結論】In this way, the lawyer helps one protect one’s fundamental human right, right to pursue happiness in this case, and helps one get one’s job back or get compensated for the damage caused by the dismissal.
Many different jobs are important to society for different reasons. Select one of these jobs and explain why you think that job is helpful to your society: 1) actor, 2) lawyer, 3) tour guide.
Let’s Think:
This topic has two directions. The first direction is “Select one of these jobs,” so you are supposed to choose one of the three jobs given at the end of the topic. The next direction is to explain how you think your society benefits from the job you have chosen. You are not required to compare the three jobs, and neither are you required to choose the most important. The topic just says, “Choose one and explain why it is important to your society?” Note the first sentence of this topic: Many different jobs are important to society for different reasons. This means that you cannot say a certain job is more important than another in many cases; each job has its own significance. From this, we can infer that comparing the importance of these three jobs is not the point of this topic.
☆The same types of questions:
The same type TOEFL Writing Topics as this one are as follows:
(1) Choose one of the following transportation vehicles and explain why you think it has changed people’s lives.
• automobiles • bicycles • airplanes
(2) Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved.
☆Similar but different types of questions:
Now, here are question patterns that look similar to but different from that of today’s topic:
(3) A friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either
• to go on vacation • to buy a car
Your friend has asked you for advice. Compare your friend’s two choices and explain which one you think your friend should choose.
(4) What do you want most in a friend — someone who is intelligent, or someone who has a sense of humor, or someone who is reliable? Which one of these characteristics is most important to you?
Question (3) requires you to compare the choices, and to answer question (4), you have to choose the one you think the most important.
The following type of question is also a different kind from the topic of this week:
(5) You have enough money to purchase either a house or a business. Which would you choose to buy?
To answer this question, you need to compare the choices even though you are not required to because of the given condition: to spend a large amount of money on either of the two choices. This automatically requires you to compare them before making your choice.
Hints for points:
☆An actor …
♦helps you learn about people, life, and the world.
-- by participating in a movie on something special like a historical incident or a personal event (e.g. the Vietnam War, patients and doctors fighting a formidable disease, etc.)
♦helps you live a life which is totally different from yours or a fictional life that are often more real than a real life.
-- by playing a role of a character in different times and places (e.g. a famous but solitary diver who feels at home in the deep sea, a man who was sentenced life in prison for the crime he did not commit, a hero who liberates people trapped in the cyberspace, etc.)
☆A lawyer …
♦protects one’s rights.
-- by giving advice on what claim one can make and preparing for the law suit (e.g. finding the evidence of the wrongdoing of someone’s former employer who dismissed him without any proper reason and representing him in filing a law suit against the company
♦can shed light on serious issues in society and help make a difference.
-- by taking up a case influential to society (e.g. deaths related to pollution, a murder case in which a minority person killed his employer who was rich, white, and abusive, etc.)
☆A tour guide …
♦helps people experience different places and cultures.
-- by assisting tourists make the most of their tour (e.g. giving information, translating languages, making arrangements for tourists, etc.)
♦works as a citizen diplomat.
-- by assisting in mutual understanding (e.g. helping tourists and the people in the place they are visiting communicate with each other, leaving good impression of the people and the country in tourists’ minds and vice versa, etc.)
Sample Paragraph:
【主張】Lawyers protect our rights. 【主張の説明】A lawyer can give advice on what claim one can make and will prepare for the law suit. 【具体例】For example, if there is an employee whose contract has been terminated for no reason, the lawyer will find the evidence of the wrongdoing of the client’s former employer and will represent him in filing a law suit against the company. 【結論】In this way, the lawyer helps one protect one’s fundamental human right, right to pursue happiness in this case, and helps one get one’s job back or get compensated for the damage caused by the dismissal.
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
234. 2011/04/19 Slept 4 hours (2:30-6:30) Remember some weak(?) electric shocks. Less feeling of concussion but feel heavy in the head. Cleaned up my room and did grocery shopping. Harassed by some men in suits at a one-coin shop, two of whom roamed in a volleyball-court-sized shop for more than 5 minutes and came out suddenly from both ends of the ally I was in and when I was having trouble reaching the thing I decided to buy. One of them had approached me with a weird and evil smile and came back after rushing out of the shop when the pincer movement was unsuccessful because of my shouting, “Here come weirdoes! “At another one-coin shop, a young woman who was with her male partner turned around and looked me in the eye with blood-curdling cold smile when I stood in line behind her. Took a 3.5-hour nap (16:30-20:00). Felt better.
2011/04/20 Slept4.5 or 5 hours. Several shocks before I fell asleep, the last of which was especially strong, making my left hand rise like an animal raise its head from the ground. Since electric attacks occur more often when I sleep with my hands under futon, I try to put them outside futon, but it was so cold that I placed them under futon, with my left hand directly on top of a small heater placed on my belly. Then soon, at least I felt so, a shock came and my left hand rose suddenly.
In at a super market Harassed by a man a business suit, who first looked me in the eye with an evil smile, making me stay away from the cash register I was at and letting him go first, and later bumped into my bag, which I hung tight under my left shoulder, by returning to the back of the line, to my back, after he finished paying at the cashier even though he had nothing to return - his purchase was small and the basket was taken by the person at the register.
2011/04/21 Slept 5 hours (1:30 – 6:30) and, since feeling better, decided to get up at around 7:30, when suddenly fell asleep and stayed in bed till 10:00 or 10:30. When I woke up the second time, the noise in my head were loud and I had the slight feeling of having had concussion. While I was working on my PC in the afternoon, I heard someone moving behind the wall next to my PC a few times.
2011/04/22 Slept 7.5 hours. Only remember some minor electric shocks.
2011/04/23 Went to bed around a little before midnight and electric shocks kept attacking my head and I got up at 0:10 and recording this. I remember hearing big footsteps coming down to the next door and the door open and close when I was brushing my teeth around 23:30.
Now it is 1:31. I have been working with my PC and remember hearing someone moving in about the next room (Room 202) , sometimes right behind the wall next to my PC.
It is 3:04 now. It is raining and it is quiet in the next room. I do not have a feel that someone is moving about in the next room or behind the wall next to my PC. I think I am going to log-off and go to bed.
2011/04/20 Slept4.5 or 5 hours. Several shocks before I fell asleep, the last of which was especially strong, making my left hand rise like an animal raise its head from the ground. Since electric attacks occur more often when I sleep with my hands under futon, I try to put them outside futon, but it was so cold that I placed them under futon, with my left hand directly on top of a small heater placed on my belly. Then soon, at least I felt so, a shock came and my left hand rose suddenly.
In at a super market Harassed by a man a business suit, who first looked me in the eye with an evil smile, making me stay away from the cash register I was at and letting him go first, and later bumped into my bag, which I hung tight under my left shoulder, by returning to the back of the line, to my back, after he finished paying at the cashier even though he had nothing to return - his purchase was small and the basket was taken by the person at the register.
2011/04/21 Slept 5 hours (1:30 – 6:30) and, since feeling better, decided to get up at around 7:30, when suddenly fell asleep and stayed in bed till 10:00 or 10:30. When I woke up the second time, the noise in my head were loud and I had the slight feeling of having had concussion. While I was working on my PC in the afternoon, I heard someone moving behind the wall next to my PC a few times.
2011/04/22 Slept 7.5 hours. Only remember some minor electric shocks.
2011/04/23 Went to bed around a little before midnight and electric shocks kept attacking my head and I got up at 0:10 and recording this. I remember hearing big footsteps coming down to the next door and the door open and close when I was brushing my teeth around 23:30.
Now it is 1:31. I have been working with my PC and remember hearing someone moving in about the next room (Room 202) , sometimes right behind the wall next to my PC.
It is 3:04 now. It is raining and it is quiet in the next room. I do not have a feel that someone is moving about in the next room or behind the wall next to my PC. I think I am going to log-off and go to bed.
2011年4月21日木曜日
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, 漠然とした課題で困ったときの対処法 -partly rewritten-
《漠然とした課題―与えられる条件が少なすぎる課題の難しい点》
今回のレッスン課題（Suppose you were an inventor and you had the knowledge and ability to develop a new product. What product would you like to invent?）は１回目の課題と全くタイプが異なることに皆さん気づかれたことと思います。これと似たタイプの課題には以下のようなものがあります。
1. If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
故郷の町に関して重要な事を変えることができるとしたら何を変えるか？
2. If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. 何か新しいものを発明できるとしたら何を発明するか？
3. Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from your home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can take one additional thing. What would you take and why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
一年間の旅に出る場合、着替えと身の回り品以外にもう一つ持っていくことができるとすれば何を持っていくか？
4. Holidays honor people or events. If you could create a new holiday, what person or event would it honor and how would you want people to celebrate it? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 新しい祭日（人または出来事関連）を作るとしたらどんな祭日を作るか？
これらの課題はagree/disagreeタイプの課題や与えられた選択肢からひとつを選ぶタイプの課題とは違い、書く内容を自由に決めることができる一方、あまりにも漠然としているため、最悪の場合何も書くことを思いつかない、あるいは思いついても話を広げにくいトピックを選んでしまう可能性が全くないとは言えません。
《正攻法の対処法―問題の本質を考えて答える》
漠然とした課題への対処法は問題の本質を考え、インスピレーションを働かせて答えることです。--- 上記４つの課題に対し実際に自分ならどう解答するか考えて見ましょう。---
例えば、上記の４つの課題に対しては以下のような解答内容が考えられます。
1. →外国人嫌いを直す 2. →温暖化を止める機械 3. →家族の写真 4. →開国記念日
ただしこれらの解答内容を300語以上のエッセイに仕上げるためには普段からこれら全ての分野（1. 国際化と日本人 2. 温暖化 3. 自分の価値観 4. グローバル化）についてまとまった内容が書ける力をつけておく必要があります。また、当然そうして試験に臨むことが求められているわけですが、たまたま試験本番で何も思いつかない、あるいは思いついた解答内容に関して書く材料が乏しく書ききることができない場合に備えて次のような対処法があります。
《漠然とした課題で困ったときの対処法》
漠然とした課題に対して何も書く内容が浮かばない、または思いついた内容を膨らませる材料がない場合の対処法として《自分の得意分野や趣味に結び付けて考える》という方法があります。得意分野や趣味に関して一通りのことが語れるように前もってまとめておき、課題の本質を踏まえながら、得意分野・趣味を材料にして内容を膨らませます。
例えば、得意分野が貧困対策、趣味が音楽の場合、上記の４つの課題に対して以下のような解答内容が考えられると思います。（ ）の中は書く材料の関連分野です。
例： 得意分野－貧困対策、趣味－音楽
1. →世界最貧国の首都と姉妹都市になり、貧困問題への意識を高める（貧困対策）
2. →何語の歌詞でも耳に入ると同時に意味が分かる機械（音楽）
3. →iPod（音楽）
4. →マイクロファイナンス（貧者の銀行）の考案実施者の記念日（貧困対策）
また、得意分野が環境保護で趣味が野鳥観察の場合、以下のような解答が可能です。
例： 得意分野―環境保護、趣味―野鳥観察
1. →環境保護の徹底（環境保護）
2. →観察対象の鳥になって共に行動し、そのデータを送信してくれる機械（野鳥観察）
3. →野鳥図鑑（野鳥観察）
4. →「沈黙の春」（環境保護関連本の古典）の作者の記念日（環境保護）
《準備方法―得意分野・趣味について100語前後でまとめておく》
得意分野： 日頃問題意識を持っていること、大学で専攻希望の学問分野の課題、AO入試の自己推薦文に書く自分の課題のうちひとつについて、【現状・問題点・対策】または【歴史・特色・将来の展望】を100語前後にまとめておく。
趣味： 【趣味の対象の特徴・魅力、問題点、期待すること、自分の価値観・人生観との関連付け】を100語前後にまとめておく。
どちらも概略からポイントとなる詳細まで一通りのことをカバーしておく事が大切です。
《こじ付けのためではなく自己表現の一環として準備する》
漠然とした課題には以上のような準備があれば最悪の事態は避けられると考えられます。もちろんどんなトピックでも無理やり用意した文章に結び付けようとするのは間違った対処法です。これはあくまで最悪の事態への対処法です。しかし、誰でも得意分野と趣味は少なくともひとつあり、それらについては一通りのことが言え、ものの考え方や話題にすることがそれらに傾くのは日頃経験する現象なので、漠然とした課題への解答が得意分野・趣味に関するものになるのは自然なことであり、この対処法は全くの邪道というわけではなさそうです。本番のTOEFL受験までに得意分野・趣味について英文でまとめておきましょう。
今回のレッスン課題（Suppose you were an inventor and you had the knowledge and ability to develop a new product. What product would you like to invent?）は１回目の課題と全くタイプが異なることに皆さん気づかれたことと思います。これと似たタイプの課題には以下のようなものがあります。
1. If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer.
故郷の町に関して重要な事を変えることができるとしたら何を変えるか？
2. If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. 何か新しいものを発明できるとしたら何を発明するか？
3. Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from your home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can take one additional thing. What would you take and why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
一年間の旅に出る場合、着替えと身の回り品以外にもう一つ持っていくことができるとすれば何を持っていくか？
4. Holidays honor people or events. If you could create a new holiday, what person or event would it honor and how would you want people to celebrate it? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. 新しい祭日（人または出来事関連）を作るとしたらどんな祭日を作るか？
これらの課題はagree/disagreeタイプの課題や与えられた選択肢からひとつを選ぶタイプの課題とは違い、書く内容を自由に決めることができる一方、あまりにも漠然としているため、最悪の場合何も書くことを思いつかない、あるいは思いついても話を広げにくいトピックを選んでしまう可能性が全くないとは言えません。
《正攻法の対処法―問題の本質を考えて答える》
漠然とした課題への対処法は問題の本質を考え、インスピレーションを働かせて答えることです。--- 上記４つの課題に対し実際に自分ならどう解答するか考えて見ましょう。---
例えば、上記の４つの課題に対しては以下のような解答内容が考えられます。
1. →外国人嫌いを直す 2. →温暖化を止める機械 3. →家族の写真 4. →開国記念日
ただしこれらの解答内容を300語以上のエッセイに仕上げるためには普段からこれら全ての分野（1. 国際化と日本人 2. 温暖化 3. 自分の価値観 4. グローバル化）についてまとまった内容が書ける力をつけておく必要があります。また、当然そうして試験に臨むことが求められているわけですが、たまたま試験本番で何も思いつかない、あるいは思いついた解答内容に関して書く材料が乏しく書ききることができない場合に備えて次のような対処法があります。
《漠然とした課題で困ったときの対処法》
漠然とした課題に対して何も書く内容が浮かばない、または思いついた内容を膨らませる材料がない場合の対処法として《自分の得意分野や趣味に結び付けて考える》という方法があります。得意分野や趣味に関して一通りのことが語れるように前もってまとめておき、課題の本質を踏まえながら、得意分野・趣味を材料にして内容を膨らませます。
例えば、得意分野が貧困対策、趣味が音楽の場合、上記の４つの課題に対して以下のような解答内容が考えられると思います。（ ）の中は書く材料の関連分野です。
例： 得意分野－貧困対策、趣味－音楽
1. →世界最貧国の首都と姉妹都市になり、貧困問題への意識を高める（貧困対策）
2. →何語の歌詞でも耳に入ると同時に意味が分かる機械（音楽）
3. →iPod（音楽）
4. →マイクロファイナンス（貧者の銀行）の考案実施者の記念日（貧困対策）
また、得意分野が環境保護で趣味が野鳥観察の場合、以下のような解答が可能です。
例： 得意分野―環境保護、趣味―野鳥観察
1. →環境保護の徹底（環境保護）
2. →観察対象の鳥になって共に行動し、そのデータを送信してくれる機械（野鳥観察）
3. →野鳥図鑑（野鳥観察）
4. →「沈黙の春」（環境保護関連本の古典）の作者の記念日（環境保護）
《準備方法―得意分野・趣味について100語前後でまとめておく》
得意分野： 日頃問題意識を持っていること、大学で専攻希望の学問分野の課題、AO入試の自己推薦文に書く自分の課題のうちひとつについて、【現状・問題点・対策】または【歴史・特色・将来の展望】を100語前後にまとめておく。
趣味： 【趣味の対象の特徴・魅力、問題点、期待すること、自分の価値観・人生観との関連付け】を100語前後にまとめておく。
どちらも概略からポイントとなる詳細まで一通りのことをカバーしておく事が大切です。
《こじ付けのためではなく自己表現の一環として準備する》
漠然とした課題には以上のような準備があれば最悪の事態は避けられると考えられます。もちろんどんなトピックでも無理やり用意した文章に結び付けようとするのは間違った対処法です。これはあくまで最悪の事態への対処法です。しかし、誰でも得意分野と趣味は少なくともひとつあり、それらについては一通りのことが言え、ものの考え方や話題にすることがそれらに傾くのは日頃経験する現象なので、漠然とした課題への解答が得意分野・趣味に関するものになるのは自然なことであり、この対処法は全くの邪道というわけではなさそうです。本番のTOEFL受験までに得意分野・趣味について英文でまとめておきましょう。
2011年4月18日月曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
233. 2011/04/14 Slept 4 hours and took a 2-hour nap after taking a cold medicine prescribed by a physician. Several electric shocks, some strong enough to cause fits, mainly of legs.
2011/04/15 Slept 5.5 hours and took a 2-hour nap and a 3-4 hour nap because of cold and the medicine I took. A few fits whose source I could not tell whether is from outside of or inside me.
2011/04/16 Slept with my body closest to the edge of the loft, closest to the main light. About 8 hour sleep with several short intervals. I have been sleeping with the light in the loft on for several days and feel that I have been experiencing fewer electric attacks. I remember placing my left arm in the area father from the edge of the loft and instantly getting a stronger electric shock which caused my hand twitch.
2011/04/17 Again, slept with my body closest to the edge of the loft, closest to the main light. Slept about 8 hours with a few rather longer intervals. Once I woke up around 4:00a.m., noticing the noises in my head very loud, and placing my whole body upside down (my head next to the outside wall first and next to the partition wall that ends the loft next), noticing the noises had become quieter about 10-20 minutes later. Also, I remember, after this, probably a few hours later, when my hands were under the blanket and placed on my stomach, the electric shocks started coming and after I put my arms out of the blanket the shocks stopped for a while.
The last strange incident I remember is that when I was sleeping with the blanket and futon half covering my body, exposing the side of my body facing the main light farther from the loft center, a shock hit my hands which were placed on my stomach, lifting them like those of a marionette, and next or before this, another shock caused my whole body to have a big fit. I think a sound which went ggggggggggg probably coming from downstairs, Room 101, filled my room almost all night.
When I woke up, I felt like I had had a concussion and the strange feeling in the back of my head lasted all day.
I stayed home all day. While working and preparing for next week classes, a low frequency noise I have often heard had started before I noticed, when I had unpleasant feeling in my ear that was close to pain and wore earmuffs which shut it out.
2011/04/18 Attacks that went like slicing my brain or piecing my brain between my ear continuously came for at least two hours after I went to bed around 0:30. I was sleeping the same way as in the past few days. I was woken up twice or three times until I woke up around 11:00. Two times, when I woke up I noticed my head was placed closer to the center of the loft, further from the main light. In one, I felt strong wavy pressure on my head and the other, needle-like pains hitting all over my head, including my face, in rhythm, in every half a second. Probably after that, and probably that was around 7:30 a.m., I was a wake for an hour or so, and I hear a voice which sounded like a young woman go Huh, Humm in the area either in the next room loft (Room 202) or in the space partitioned by a wall in my loft. When I woke up, I had a strange feeling that there were electric currents when I touched my front teeth together and felt as if I had a concussion, the latter of which I still feel.
2011/04/15 Slept 5.5 hours and took a 2-hour nap and a 3-4 hour nap because of cold and the medicine I took. A few fits whose source I could not tell whether is from outside of or inside me.
2011/04/16 Slept with my body closest to the edge of the loft, closest to the main light. About 8 hour sleep with several short intervals. I have been sleeping with the light in the loft on for several days and feel that I have been experiencing fewer electric attacks. I remember placing my left arm in the area father from the edge of the loft and instantly getting a stronger electric shock which caused my hand twitch.
2011/04/17 Again, slept with my body closest to the edge of the loft, closest to the main light. Slept about 8 hours with a few rather longer intervals. Once I woke up around 4:00a.m., noticing the noises in my head very loud, and placing my whole body upside down (my head next to the outside wall first and next to the partition wall that ends the loft next), noticing the noises had become quieter about 10-20 minutes later. Also, I remember, after this, probably a few hours later, when my hands were under the blanket and placed on my stomach, the electric shocks started coming and after I put my arms out of the blanket the shocks stopped for a while.
The last strange incident I remember is that when I was sleeping with the blanket and futon half covering my body, exposing the side of my body facing the main light farther from the loft center, a shock hit my hands which were placed on my stomach, lifting them like those of a marionette, and next or before this, another shock caused my whole body to have a big fit. I think a sound which went ggggggggggg probably coming from downstairs, Room 101, filled my room almost all night.
When I woke up, I felt like I had had a concussion and the strange feeling in the back of my head lasted all day.
I stayed home all day. While working and preparing for next week classes, a low frequency noise I have often heard had started before I noticed, when I had unpleasant feeling in my ear that was close to pain and wore earmuffs which shut it out.
2011/04/18 Attacks that went like slicing my brain or piecing my brain between my ear continuously came for at least two hours after I went to bed around 0:30. I was sleeping the same way as in the past few days. I was woken up twice or three times until I woke up around 11:00. Two times, when I woke up I noticed my head was placed closer to the center of the loft, further from the main light. In one, I felt strong wavy pressure on my head and the other, needle-like pains hitting all over my head, including my face, in rhythm, in every half a second. Probably after that, and probably that was around 7:30 a.m., I was a wake for an hour or so, and I hear a voice which sounded like a young woman go Huh, Humm in the area either in the next room loft (Room 202) or in the space partitioned by a wall in my loft. When I woke up, I had a strange feeling that there were electric currents when I touched my front teeth together and felt as if I had a concussion, the latter of which I still feel.
2011年4月15日金曜日
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, A product you would like to invent
Writing Topic:
Suppose you were an inventor and you had the knowledge and ability to develop a new product. What product would you like to invent?
Let’s think:
This topic starts with “Suppose you were …” This means that you can use your imagination and write about things that would not really be possible. You could write about a medicine that would stop American politicians from accepting donations from large corporations and doing favor to them while punishing the poor, or you could write about a totally clean and safe reusable energy source. You can also write about an application program which would tell you how the person you are communicating with is feeling and what you should or should not say or do in the situation.
Chances are that if you think of an idea related to the matter you know well, you can easily develop your thoughts because you are always thinking about the matter and thus have many things to say about it and put them into words well.
If you are a political person, you might think of a product that would solve one of the biggest problems in today’s politics. If you are always concerned about your relationships, you could write about a machine that you think would fix your weakness in terms of relationships.
Of course, if you are a really creative person, go ahead and make a real approach as an inventor and eloquently describe what the product would be like and what benefits you would have with it. Write about a spaceship for Mars and its mission, a contact lens computer screen, or a nano-sized computer chip.
Also, if you are a really imaginative thinker, you can write in great detail about what change a purely fictitious product would bring about. For example, you might choose Doraemon’s Wherever Door and envision what people would do with it and what boons and problems would ensue.
But, if you are like me, neither creative nor imaginative, and given that you are taking a test, not a creative writing class, it would be safe to think of a thing related to the area of your interest if you want to write a satisfactory essay, for it is almost impossible to write in a short time, 30 minutes, about things that you do not really know of or to picture an imaginary world that you usually do not live in.
Reminder:
Whatever product you might come up with, it is important that you describe why you would like to make the product and how it would meet the need because what you are going to write in the TOEFL writing section is supposed to be an academic essay.
In the writing section, you are expected to show how well you can logically explain why society needs the product you would like to invent. The point of the essay is not so much how amazing the product would be as your insight about things around you, society, or the universe.
Therefore, focusing on explaining the problems that you want to solve or the changes that you would like to make would be a better idea. The product itself might be regarded as a symbol of the theme of your essay.
Essay for Ideas and Expressions:
If making such a thing were possible, I would make a product which would resolve carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon producing carbohydrate as a by-product of the process at a relatively low cost so that people could tackle the problems related to global warming in two ways: CO2 reduction and food security stabilization.
Reducing the amount of greenhouse gasses, especially CO2, is the top priority in the climate change issue. If there were a machine which can resolve CO2 into two harmless substances like oxygen and carbon, it could safely and directly reduce the amount of CO2 that already exists in the atmosphere and drastically reduce CO2 emissions. We could install the device on top of buildings and rocky mountains, in smokestacks of factories, and exhaust pipes of vehicles.
Carbohydrate is the source of energy. Therefore, making carbohydrate as a by-product of CO2 reduction process could contribute to stabilization of food security. Global warming, combined with population increase and rapidly rising standard of living as a result of globalization, is worsening the problem of food shortage. For example, because of rising temperature, flora and fauna in each area on this planet have been changing and affecting agriculture. Farmers are starting to have difficulty growing the same crops in the same ways as in the past. Studies on new types of crops more suitable to new weather patterns are devastatingly behind the speed of climate change and governments have not seriously started funding these studies. The number of inundated fields due to rising sea level or flood is increasing, and water shortage caused by desertification, extremely rapid thawing of glacier, or drought caused by climate change is already happening. It is clear that many parts of the world will have more difficulty providing people with enough food. Carbohydrate made from the air, which might need less water to make and which, unlike carbohydrate originating from plants, could be provided on a regular bases, might be a great help when this problem ensues.
I might have considered designing the device to make diamonds, which are also made of carbon, instead of carbohydrate. However, diamonds cannot help counter the imminent threat we face now. Moreover, they could cause conflicts, for human greed has no limit. Although putting reusable energy sources in place is the best thing to do, implementing them seems to be hopelessly behind the rate of the rise in average global temperature and its effects. Therefore, I would make food using CO2 in the air if I had the knowledge and ability.
Suppose you were an inventor and you had the knowledge and ability to develop a new product. What product would you like to invent?
Let’s think:
This topic starts with “Suppose you were …” This means that you can use your imagination and write about things that would not really be possible. You could write about a medicine that would stop American politicians from accepting donations from large corporations and doing favor to them while punishing the poor, or you could write about a totally clean and safe reusable energy source. You can also write about an application program which would tell you how the person you are communicating with is feeling and what you should or should not say or do in the situation.
Chances are that if you think of an idea related to the matter you know well, you can easily develop your thoughts because you are always thinking about the matter and thus have many things to say about it and put them into words well.
If you are a political person, you might think of a product that would solve one of the biggest problems in today’s politics. If you are always concerned about your relationships, you could write about a machine that you think would fix your weakness in terms of relationships.
Of course, if you are a really creative person, go ahead and make a real approach as an inventor and eloquently describe what the product would be like and what benefits you would have with it. Write about a spaceship for Mars and its mission, a contact lens computer screen, or a nano-sized computer chip.
Also, if you are a really imaginative thinker, you can write in great detail about what change a purely fictitious product would bring about. For example, you might choose Doraemon’s Wherever Door and envision what people would do with it and what boons and problems would ensue.
But, if you are like me, neither creative nor imaginative, and given that you are taking a test, not a creative writing class, it would be safe to think of a thing related to the area of your interest if you want to write a satisfactory essay, for it is almost impossible to write in a short time, 30 minutes, about things that you do not really know of or to picture an imaginary world that you usually do not live in.
Reminder:
Whatever product you might come up with, it is important that you describe why you would like to make the product and how it would meet the need because what you are going to write in the TOEFL writing section is supposed to be an academic essay.
In the writing section, you are expected to show how well you can logically explain why society needs the product you would like to invent. The point of the essay is not so much how amazing the product would be as your insight about things around you, society, or the universe.
Therefore, focusing on explaining the problems that you want to solve or the changes that you would like to make would be a better idea. The product itself might be regarded as a symbol of the theme of your essay.
Essay for Ideas and Expressions:
If making such a thing were possible, I would make a product which would resolve carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon producing carbohydrate as a by-product of the process at a relatively low cost so that people could tackle the problems related to global warming in two ways: CO2 reduction and food security stabilization.
Reducing the amount of greenhouse gasses, especially CO2, is the top priority in the climate change issue. If there were a machine which can resolve CO2 into two harmless substances like oxygen and carbon, it could safely and directly reduce the amount of CO2 that already exists in the atmosphere and drastically reduce CO2 emissions. We could install the device on top of buildings and rocky mountains, in smokestacks of factories, and exhaust pipes of vehicles.
Carbohydrate is the source of energy. Therefore, making carbohydrate as a by-product of CO2 reduction process could contribute to stabilization of food security. Global warming, combined with population increase and rapidly rising standard of living as a result of globalization, is worsening the problem of food shortage. For example, because of rising temperature, flora and fauna in each area on this planet have been changing and affecting agriculture. Farmers are starting to have difficulty growing the same crops in the same ways as in the past. Studies on new types of crops more suitable to new weather patterns are devastatingly behind the speed of climate change and governments have not seriously started funding these studies. The number of inundated fields due to rising sea level or flood is increasing, and water shortage caused by desertification, extremely rapid thawing of glacier, or drought caused by climate change is already happening. It is clear that many parts of the world will have more difficulty providing people with enough food. Carbohydrate made from the air, which might need less water to make and which, unlike carbohydrate originating from plants, could be provided on a regular bases, might be a great help when this problem ensues.
I might have considered designing the device to make diamonds, which are also made of carbon, instead of carbohydrate. However, diamonds cannot help counter the imminent threat we face now. Moreover, they could cause conflicts, for human greed has no limit. Although putting reusable energy sources in place is the best thing to do, implementing them seems to be hopelessly behind the rate of the rise in average global temperature and its effects. Therefore, I would make food using CO2 in the air if I had the knowledge and ability.
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, 良い英文エッセイを書くために -partly rewritten-
TOEFL Essay Independent Writingクラス第1回目はエッセイの書き方の基礎を確認しましたが、今回は良い英文エッセイを書くために日頃やってみると良いことをいくつか挙げてみます。
☆良い英文をたくさん習慣的に読み、英語のニュースやインタビュー番組を利用する: 文章の達人と言われる人たちが良い文章を書くコツを尋ねられて必ず言及するのが「良い文章をたくさん読む。」ということです。英会話でネイティブスピーカーの話をたくさん聞くと英語が口から出やすくなるのと同様、知的刺激のあるきちんとした文章を夢中になって読む習慣や英語のニュースやインタビュー番組およびそのPodcastなどを毎日聞く習慣があると、作文の際にふさわしい表現や内容の展開を思いつきやすくなります。覚えてやろうと思うのではなく感心し感動しながら読むことが大切です。
☆英文読後日記をつける: 英字新聞・雑誌の記事を読んだ後、要約・感想を各1~2文の英文にします。表現力がつくと共に書く材料集めにもなります。まず口で言って見て次に書いて確認をしましょう。Speakingの訓練にもなります。
☆話し言葉と書き言葉は違うということを意識する: 話し言葉と書き言葉は別物です。日本語でも話し言葉と書き言葉を区別するように英語でもwritten Englishというものがあります。きちんとした言葉使い（特に構文の正確さ）は重要です。また内容の展開の仕方も書き言葉は日常の言葉使いとは異なります。話し言葉は言葉以外の要素（ジェスチャー、表情、共通認識、人間関係など）を含めてコミュニケーションをとるので言葉足らずでも問題ない場合が多くあります。しかし文章を書く際は言葉だけを使って分かりやすく、誤解のないように説明しなければなりません。細かく説明すればするほど分かりやすく、誤解が少なくなります。これはエッセイを書くときに気をつけると同時に普段手紙や伝言、ブログを書く時などに意識すると効果があります。
☆きちんとした英語を書く訓練をする: エッセイの評価項目の一番下（文法、つづり、句読点他）がweakまたはsatisfactoryの下のほうの人はきちんとした英文を書く訓練が必要です。
♦評価がweakの人は文構造が崩れてしまうことが多いので、構文のしっかりした文を書けるようにしましょう。５文型や接続詞、関係詞を「文構造」という観点から勉強しなおしてみてください。また、これらの基本例文の和訳をみてもとの英文を言ってかけるようにする訓練をしておくと一生の財産になります。
♦評価がsatisfactoryの下のほうの人は、構文はほぼできているのですが採点者のいう「明らかな文法ミス」が多数あります。これを無くすには文法の正誤問題（間違い探し問題）で典型的なミスをチェックする必要があります。また、不要なところに３単元のｓをつけるなど癖になっているミスは、授業以外でもできるだけ友達などにチェックしてもらいましょう。ミスは他人の目で見ると見つけやすいのです。
☆推敲を重ねる: 推敲を重ねるほど次に一度でよい文章を書くことができるようになります。返却された添削済み答案は、訂正されたところやアドバイスなどを参考にしながら書き直して提出してください。学校の試験や行事などで時間がないときは数週間遅れてまとめて提出しても大丈夫です。
☆手本の書写と要約: 文法・表現力の評価が３になることが多い人はテキストやBarron’sのWriting for the TOEFL iBT等のsample essayをタイプで書写してみられるのも良いと思います。意味単位ごとに写すと表現が身につきやすくなります。ただ写すのではなく内容を取りながら行ってください。最後に内容を要約します。最初は各段落のMain Ideaを抜き出し、次に自分の言葉で言い換えます。
--- チェックしておくと参考になる本・雑誌・新聞・番組・ホームページなど ---
全くの私の独断でinformationやinspirationを得る役に立つと思われるものをご紹介します。
（一番下の２つ以外はインターネットにサイトがあり全て無料で閲覧・ダウンロードできます。）
♦Democracy Now!: インディペンデント放送局。主流メディアでは聞けない重要課題を毎日取り上げます。
♦The Young Turks: YouTube上のニュース局。 頭脳明晰で人間的で面白い元弁護士Cenk氏がホストです。
♦Fareed Zakaria GPS: CNN の日曜時事問題番組Fareed Zakaria GPSのホストZakaria氏が同番組HP上の動画で時事問題の鋭い分析を分かりやすく短く述べます。
♦NPR: アメリカのラジオ局。All Things Consideredでは興味深い話が多数聞けます。
♦Al Jazeeraの英語放送: 中東関連はこの局でチェックしましょう。CM無し。world newsもあります。
♦BBC のpodcast: ”World Have Your Say”という視聴者参加討論番組がargumentの参考になります。聞き方のコツは共感する意見が出た時にその表現に注意して聞くことです。
♦NatureとScience のpodcast: 科学雑誌NatureとScienceのpodcast では一般の人にも分かる形で科学関連ニュースを発表しています。温暖化、食料・水危機、公害、幹細胞研究、宇宙探査、米政府の科学研究援助方針など地球・人類にとって重要な問題を多数取り上げています。Transcriptもあります。
♦Daily Yomiuri: 日本国内のニュースを英文で読んで表現の仕方を学びましょう。
♦Voice of America: 記事が音声で聞けます。ニュースが簡潔にまとめられています。
♦In These Times: かなり左寄り（革新思想より）ですが過激な内容ではありません。不正・不平等・人権問題等に関して一般の人々の視点からの取材を丁寧に行っています。
♦MICHAELMOORE.com: アカデミー賞、スタインベック賞などを受賞した映画監督のホームページです。政治・社会問題をユーモアを交えて取り上げています。言葉使いよりも内容を参考にしましょう。
♦High School Newspaper: 政治意識の強い高校生のための高校生によるWeb新聞です。
♦The New Yorker on the Web: 週代わりで現代作家の短編小説が掲載されます。
♦The Best American Essays: 前年に出版されたエッセイのベスト版です。編者が毎年変わります。
♦Barron’s Writing for the TOEFL iBT: 実際のTOEFL Writing の課題を使ったsample essaysが100以上掲載されている参考書兼問題集。構成・内容・語彙の参考になります。
☆良い英文をたくさん習慣的に読み、英語のニュースやインタビュー番組を利用する: 文章の達人と言われる人たちが良い文章を書くコツを尋ねられて必ず言及するのが「良い文章をたくさん読む。」ということです。英会話でネイティブスピーカーの話をたくさん聞くと英語が口から出やすくなるのと同様、知的刺激のあるきちんとした文章を夢中になって読む習慣や英語のニュースやインタビュー番組およびそのPodcastなどを毎日聞く習慣があると、作文の際にふさわしい表現や内容の展開を思いつきやすくなります。覚えてやろうと思うのではなく感心し感動しながら読むことが大切です。
☆英文読後日記をつける: 英字新聞・雑誌の記事を読んだ後、要約・感想を各1~2文の英文にします。表現力がつくと共に書く材料集めにもなります。まず口で言って見て次に書いて確認をしましょう。Speakingの訓練にもなります。
☆話し言葉と書き言葉は違うということを意識する: 話し言葉と書き言葉は別物です。日本語でも話し言葉と書き言葉を区別するように英語でもwritten Englishというものがあります。きちんとした言葉使い（特に構文の正確さ）は重要です。また内容の展開の仕方も書き言葉は日常の言葉使いとは異なります。話し言葉は言葉以外の要素（ジェスチャー、表情、共通認識、人間関係など）を含めてコミュニケーションをとるので言葉足らずでも問題ない場合が多くあります。しかし文章を書く際は言葉だけを使って分かりやすく、誤解のないように説明しなければなりません。細かく説明すればするほど分かりやすく、誤解が少なくなります。これはエッセイを書くときに気をつけると同時に普段手紙や伝言、ブログを書く時などに意識すると効果があります。
☆きちんとした英語を書く訓練をする: エッセイの評価項目の一番下（文法、つづり、句読点他）がweakまたはsatisfactoryの下のほうの人はきちんとした英文を書く訓練が必要です。
♦評価がweakの人は文構造が崩れてしまうことが多いので、構文のしっかりした文を書けるようにしましょう。５文型や接続詞、関係詞を「文構造」という観点から勉強しなおしてみてください。また、これらの基本例文の和訳をみてもとの英文を言ってかけるようにする訓練をしておくと一生の財産になります。
♦評価がsatisfactoryの下のほうの人は、構文はほぼできているのですが採点者のいう「明らかな文法ミス」が多数あります。これを無くすには文法の正誤問題（間違い探し問題）で典型的なミスをチェックする必要があります。また、不要なところに３単元のｓをつけるなど癖になっているミスは、授業以外でもできるだけ友達などにチェックしてもらいましょう。ミスは他人の目で見ると見つけやすいのです。
☆推敲を重ねる: 推敲を重ねるほど次に一度でよい文章を書くことができるようになります。返却された添削済み答案は、訂正されたところやアドバイスなどを参考にしながら書き直して提出してください。学校の試験や行事などで時間がないときは数週間遅れてまとめて提出しても大丈夫です。
☆手本の書写と要約: 文法・表現力の評価が３になることが多い人はテキストやBarron’sのWriting for the TOEFL iBT等のsample essayをタイプで書写してみられるのも良いと思います。意味単位ごとに写すと表現が身につきやすくなります。ただ写すのではなく内容を取りながら行ってください。最後に内容を要約します。最初は各段落のMain Ideaを抜き出し、次に自分の言葉で言い換えます。
--- チェックしておくと参考になる本・雑誌・新聞・番組・ホームページなど ---
全くの私の独断でinformationやinspirationを得る役に立つと思われるものをご紹介します。
（一番下の２つ以外はインターネットにサイトがあり全て無料で閲覧・ダウンロードできます。）
♦Democracy Now!: インディペンデント放送局。主流メディアでは聞けない重要課題を毎日取り上げます。
♦The Young Turks: YouTube上のニュース局。 頭脳明晰で人間的で面白い元弁護士Cenk氏がホストです。
♦Fareed Zakaria GPS: CNN の日曜時事問題番組Fareed Zakaria GPSのホストZakaria氏が同番組HP上の動画で時事問題の鋭い分析を分かりやすく短く述べます。
♦NPR: アメリカのラジオ局。All Things Consideredでは興味深い話が多数聞けます。
♦Al Jazeeraの英語放送: 中東関連はこの局でチェックしましょう。CM無し。world newsもあります。
♦BBC のpodcast: ”World Have Your Say”という視聴者参加討論番組がargumentの参考になります。聞き方のコツは共感する意見が出た時にその表現に注意して聞くことです。
♦NatureとScience のpodcast: 科学雑誌NatureとScienceのpodcast では一般の人にも分かる形で科学関連ニュースを発表しています。温暖化、食料・水危機、公害、幹細胞研究、宇宙探査、米政府の科学研究援助方針など地球・人類にとって重要な問題を多数取り上げています。Transcriptもあります。
♦Daily Yomiuri: 日本国内のニュースを英文で読んで表現の仕方を学びましょう。
♦Voice of America: 記事が音声で聞けます。ニュースが簡潔にまとめられています。
♦In These Times: かなり左寄り（革新思想より）ですが過激な内容ではありません。不正・不平等・人権問題等に関して一般の人々の視点からの取材を丁寧に行っています。
♦MICHAELMOORE.com: アカデミー賞、スタインベック賞などを受賞した映画監督のホームページです。政治・社会問題をユーモアを交えて取り上げています。言葉使いよりも内容を参考にしましょう。
♦High School Newspaper: 政治意識の強い高校生のための高校生によるWeb新聞です。
♦The New Yorker on the Web: 週代わりで現代作家の短編小説が掲載されます。
♦The Best American Essays: 前年に出版されたエッセイのベスト版です。編者が毎年変わります。
♦Barron’s Writing for the TOEFL iBT: 実際のTOEFL Writing の課題を使ったsample essaysが100以上掲載されている参考書兼問題集。構成・内容・語彙の参考になります。
2011年4月13日水曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
232. 2011/04/11 Went to bed probably around 1:00, woken up three times, and got up around 11:00. Experienced some electric shocks.
2011/04/12 Slept about 5 hours. Some electric shocks. At least one of them caused a fit and made me huff.
Very important and urgent!
2011/04/13 It is 2:48 a.m. now. From 0:15 when I went to bed to 1:50 a.m., exploding electric shock continuously kept causing big fits. All of them moved my legs, body, or head move. I had thought it had been one hour but it continued two hours. I think it had been attacking me every time I fall asleep. I called the police, knowing they won’t believe me, told them that electric current comes from the next door, and the room below, which they did not sound take it seriously, and I told them that different people seem to come in and go out in the next room (202) and the one who is in 202 tonight seem to be very brutal.
Now it is 5:12 a.m. I have been working since the last message. I am not sleepy but will go to bed, for a construction started on exactly the opposite side of the four meter road from my room a couple days ago and the noise of breaking concrete base shakes my building as strongly as magnitude 3 earthquakes.
After this last record, I slept till around 9:30. I remember weaker electric shocks occurring before falling asleep.
Another important incident:
I took a nap from 16:30 to 20:30 after the last record (2011/04/13). The electric shocks attacked my hands which were folded beneath my head first. My left arm flung out once., which probably did not look unnatural. Then shocks attacked my head, or I had a natural fit caused by a problem inside me. The interesting point is that after I bent my body in the shape of a capital letter L and placed my legs next to my belly, in other words, closer to the outside of the loft, closer to the light, there were no attacks to the legs, except for the one right after I moved them. The attacks to the head continued, making me huff and make a strange voice at least once. When I woke up, the noises in my head were loud and wavy, and eyes were showing very small blinking flashes synced with the noises. I still feel them as I type in this record.
2011/04/12 Slept about 5 hours. Some electric shocks. At least one of them caused a fit and made me huff.
Very important and urgent!
2011/04/13 It is 2:48 a.m. now. From 0:15 when I went to bed to 1:50 a.m., exploding electric shock continuously kept causing big fits. All of them moved my legs, body, or head move. I had thought it had been one hour but it continued two hours. I think it had been attacking me every time I fall asleep. I called the police, knowing they won’t believe me, told them that electric current comes from the next door, and the room below, which they did not sound take it seriously, and I told them that different people seem to come in and go out in the next room (202) and the one who is in 202 tonight seem to be very brutal.
Now it is 5:12 a.m. I have been working since the last message. I am not sleepy but will go to bed, for a construction started on exactly the opposite side of the four meter road from my room a couple days ago and the noise of breaking concrete base shakes my building as strongly as magnitude 3 earthquakes.
After this last record, I slept till around 9:30. I remember weaker electric shocks occurring before falling asleep.
Another important incident:
I took a nap from 16:30 to 20:30 after the last record (2011/04/13). The electric shocks attacked my hands which were folded beneath my head first. My left arm flung out once., which probably did not look unnatural. Then shocks attacked my head, or I had a natural fit caused by a problem inside me. The interesting point is that after I bent my body in the shape of a capital letter L and placed my legs next to my belly, in other words, closer to the outside of the loft, closer to the light, there were no attacks to the legs, except for the one right after I moved them. The attacks to the head continued, making me huff and make a strange voice at least once. When I woke up, the noises in my head were loud and wavy, and eyes were showing very small blinking flashes synced with the noises. I still feel them as I type in this record.
2011年4月10日日曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
231. 2011/04/08 Several electric shocks when falling asleep around 2:00 a.m. Woken up by a noise like a computer game, wore earmuffs, fell asleep again probably 2 or 3 hours later. Woke up around 11:00. Less funny feelings when woke up.
2011/04/09
Went to bed around 1:15. There were electric shocks when I was falling asleep. Woke up around 2:30 with some annoying noise. Stayed awake for several hours. At 6:00 a.m., a strong electric shock went through my left arm, which was placed on my body lying sideways and which was out of my blanket. The shock came from the shoulder and went down to the lower part of my arm. Woke/woken up around 11:00. The noises in my head were loud and wavy. I had a funny feeling in my teeth; it was as if electric current was moving through upper and lower front teeth when they were put together.
2011/04/10 Worked till 3:30 a.m. and went to bed around 4:20, when very strong electric shocks between ears, on which I was wearing earmuffs to avoid annoying low frequency sound I had been hearing while I was working, started. They kept me awake for about one hour. I got up, drank hot milk, and went to bed again, and this time exploding electric shocks started causing big fits. They were like my head and whole body had hiccups. Unlike usual attacks that cause fits when my hands are under my futon, they caused fits both when my hands are under and on the futon. I do not know when I fell asleep. The attacks continued for a long time. I woke/was woken up a little past 10:00 a.m. I felt like I had been hit on the head all night. I have been working on my PC and till now I still feel it. I put my jaws together a little strongly, but I do not feel the satisfaction that I have bitten enough.
2011/04/09
Went to bed around 1:15. There were electric shocks when I was falling asleep. Woke up around 2:30 with some annoying noise. Stayed awake for several hours. At 6:00 a.m., a strong electric shock went through my left arm, which was placed on my body lying sideways and which was out of my blanket. The shock came from the shoulder and went down to the lower part of my arm. Woke/woken up around 11:00. The noises in my head were loud and wavy. I had a funny feeling in my teeth; it was as if electric current was moving through upper and lower front teeth when they were put together.
2011/04/10 Worked till 3:30 a.m. and went to bed around 4:20, when very strong electric shocks between ears, on which I was wearing earmuffs to avoid annoying low frequency sound I had been hearing while I was working, started. They kept me awake for about one hour. I got up, drank hot milk, and went to bed again, and this time exploding electric shocks started causing big fits. They were like my head and whole body had hiccups. Unlike usual attacks that cause fits when my hands are under my futon, they caused fits both when my hands are under and on the futon. I do not know when I fell asleep. The attacks continued for a long time. I woke/was woken up a little past 10:00 a.m. I felt like I had been hit on the head all night. I have been working on my PC and till now I still feel it. I put my jaws together a little strongly, but I do not feel the satisfaction that I have bitten enough.
Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, Do the media concentrate too much on the private lives of famous people? Ideas and Expressions
Wring Topic: Consider the following statement. The mass media (television, magazines, newspapers, and so on) concentrate too much on the private lives of famous people. Do you agree or disagree with this idea?
☆Let’s think:
What does the expression “too much” mean? When do we say it? We say, “Too much!” when something is over the necessary or acceptable amount, when something is violating some rule, or when something is giving us or someone else pain.
☆Hints for Points
Agree:
1. Most celebrity reports are illegal. A person’s privacy is protected by law unless hiding it is seriously against public interests. Then publicizing a famous person’s private information that has nothing to do with public interests is illegal.
2. Celebrity journalism is doing harm to innocent people. Some became mentally or physically ill, others died. It is clear that media coverage about famous people has gone too far.
3. Mass media are by nature destined to focus too much on unnecessary topics. Media pursue higher ratings and for that purpose they will do anything. They produce demand. They try to sell unnecessary information, gossip.
Disagree:
1. Media just supply information in response to the demand. They provide gossip because there are audience and readers. Therefore, it is wrong to criticize what media report.
2. Freedom of press should be protected at any cost. It provides important information that we should know which is often hidden from the public eye.
3. Celebrities need celebrity journalism. There is a symbiosis between celebrities and mass media. Celebrities use media attention for their career.
4. Transparent private life is the price you pay for being famous. If you do not like being watched, you should not want to be famous, and if you become famous, you should tolerate the attention.
5. Gossiping is part of age-old daily activities of humankind. Media are just doing to celebrities what we are always doing to others in our daily lives.
Essay for Ideas and Expressions:
When we say something is too much, we mean either it crosses some line or it is doing harm, or both. Celebrity journalism makes illegal reports and makes celebrities suffer. In competition for higher ratings, its coverage will go over the top. Therefore, I agree with the statement that the mass media concentrate too much on the private lives of famous people.
Most celebrity reports are illegal. Although freedom of press is strongly protected to prevent important information from being hidden from the public, a person’s privacy is also protected by law unless hiding it is seriously against public interests. Then publicizing a famous person’s private information that has nothing to do with public interests is illegal. Just like other people, celebrities have no obligation to make their whole lives open to public. However, many reports invading celebrities’ privacy are being made just to satisfy curiosities of audience and readers. The reason why so few law suits are made is that there are too many cases and each case is too small, although not petty, to file. But this does not change the fact that celebrity journalism goes beyond the bounds of decency.
In addition, there have been many celebrities whose lives were irreversibly affected by media reports for which they were not accountable to the public. Some became mentally or physically ill, others died. It is clear that media coverage about famous people has gone too far. Some gossipers might quip that transparent private life is the price you pay for being famous. However, the fact that Queen Elizabeth’s face without make-up will never be in print, while those of pop stars are, shows that not all famous people have to show every aspect of their lives. When you make some people feel pain while you do not do the same to others, the action is called bullying. Gossiping can be a kind of bullying under the guise of attention.
Mass media, except for those independent, are by nature destined to focus too much on unnecessary topics. Like other profit-making entities, media pursue higher ratings or circulation and for that purpose they will do anything. Just like other companies, they produce demand. Just as other companies try to sell not really necessary goods, mass media try to sell not really necessary information, gossip, of which we weak humans cannot stop taking a bite. They advertise with sound bites and sensational pictures so that people will pay attention to gossip, while down-playing scandals of their sponsors.
Because today’s media attention on famous people is illegal, is doing harm to innocent individuals, and is the reflection of unscrupulous economic activities, it can be said that mass media concentrate too much on the private lives of celebrities. If the media, except for investigative journalism, reported only what celebrities want to share with their fans, we might become better people.
☆Let’s think:
What does the expression “too much” mean? When do we say it? We say, “Too much!” when something is over the necessary or acceptable amount, when something is violating some rule, or when something is giving us or someone else pain.
☆Hints for Points
Agree:
1. Most celebrity reports are illegal. A person’s privacy is protected by law unless hiding it is seriously against public interests. Then publicizing a famous person’s private information that has nothing to do with public interests is illegal.
2. Celebrity journalism is doing harm to innocent people. Some became mentally or physically ill, others died. It is clear that media coverage about famous people has gone too far.
3. Mass media are by nature destined to focus too much on unnecessary topics. Media pursue higher ratings and for that purpose they will do anything. They produce demand. They try to sell unnecessary information, gossip.
Disagree:
1. Media just supply information in response to the demand. They provide gossip because there are audience and readers. Therefore, it is wrong to criticize what media report.
2. Freedom of press should be protected at any cost. It provides important information that we should know which is often hidden from the public eye.
3. Celebrities need celebrity journalism. There is a symbiosis between celebrities and mass media. Celebrities use media attention for their career.
4. Transparent private life is the price you pay for being famous. If you do not like being watched, you should not want to be famous, and if you become famous, you should tolerate the attention.
5. Gossiping is part of age-old daily activities of humankind. Media are just doing to celebrities what we are always doing to others in our daily lives.
Essay for Ideas and Expressions:
When we say something is too much, we mean either it crosses some line or it is doing harm, or both. Celebrity journalism makes illegal reports and makes celebrities suffer. In competition for higher ratings, its coverage will go over the top. Therefore, I agree with the statement that the mass media concentrate too much on the private lives of famous people.
Most celebrity reports are illegal. Although freedom of press is strongly protected to prevent important information from being hidden from the public, a person’s privacy is also protected by law unless hiding it is seriously against public interests. Then publicizing a famous person’s private information that has nothing to do with public interests is illegal. Just like other people, celebrities have no obligation to make their whole lives open to public. However, many reports invading celebrities’ privacy are being made just to satisfy curiosities of audience and readers. The reason why so few law suits are made is that there are too many cases and each case is too small, although not petty, to file. But this does not change the fact that celebrity journalism goes beyond the bounds of decency.
In addition, there have been many celebrities whose lives were irreversibly affected by media reports for which they were not accountable to the public. Some became mentally or physically ill, others died. It is clear that media coverage about famous people has gone too far. Some gossipers might quip that transparent private life is the price you pay for being famous. However, the fact that Queen Elizabeth’s face without make-up will never be in print, while those of pop stars are, shows that not all famous people have to show every aspect of their lives. When you make some people feel pain while you do not do the same to others, the action is called bullying. Gossiping can be a kind of bullying under the guise of attention.
Mass media, except for those independent, are by nature destined to focus too much on unnecessary topics. Like other profit-making entities, media pursue higher ratings or circulation and for that purpose they will do anything. Just like other companies, they produce demand. Just as other companies try to sell not really necessary goods, mass media try to sell not really necessary information, gossip, of which we weak humans cannot stop taking a bite. They advertise with sound bites and sensational pictures so that people will pay attention to gossip, while down-playing scandals of their sponsors.
Because today’s media attention on famous people is illegal, is doing harm to innocent individuals, and is the reflection of unscrupulous economic activities, it can be said that mass media concentrate too much on the private lives of celebrities. If the media, except for investigative journalism, reported only what celebrities want to share with their fans, we might become better people.
2011年4月8日金曜日
Class Supplement, TOEFL Test Writing, この講座の内容と英文エッセイの書き方の基本について
この講座の内容
この講座ではTOEFL iBTで2つあるライティングセクションのひとつIndependent Writing対策を行います。（Independent Writingとは与えられたWriting Topicに関し最低300語のエッセイを書くという課題です。）
☆授業内容
♦実際にエッセイを書き、添削された答案を書き直して再提出することで制限時間内に合格レベルの答案を書ける力をつけていただきます。
♦代表的なパターンのWriting Topicを見てゆくと同時に、書く内容の考え方・広げ方を学習していただきます。
♦英文エッセイの基本構造を守り、きちんとした英文を書けるようにしていただくと同時に語彙を増やし表現力をつけていただきます。
☆授業の構成
授業はテキストの構成に従います。テキストは以下の3つのStepに分かれています。
Step 1： 文法・表現の注意点を学び、注意事項を使ったPattern Practiceを行います。
Step 2： 実際に出題されるWriting Topicを使ってエッセイを書きます。
Step 3： Sample Essay(s)を使って注意点や手本になる点を学びます。また時間に余裕のある場合は要約の練習も行います。（Step 2とStep 3の順はWriting Topicによっては逆にする場合もあります。）
☆Writing Topicについて： Writing Topicは身近な事項に対する意見や好みに関するもので専門的知識は必要ありませんが常識はある程度必要です。
☆各レッスンのWriting Topicパターン
Lesson 1 ある意見に対する賛成・反対を問うもの
Lesson 2 漠然とした課題：ある状況を仮定して自分ならどうするかを問うもの（１）
Lesson 3 与えられた選択肢からひとつを選んで説明させるもの
Lesson 4 2つの対立する意見について論じさせ、どちらに賛成か問うもの（１）
Lesson 5 2つの対立する意見について論じさせ、どちらに賛成か問うもの（２）
Lesson 6 2つの対立する意見のどちらに賛成か問うもの（１）
Lesson 7 与えられた条件に合う答えの選択肢について論じさせ、自分の選択を問うもの
Lesson 8 漠然とした課題：ある状況を仮定して自分ならどうするかを問うもの（２）
Lesson 9 2つの対立する意見のどちらに賛成か問うもの（２）
Lesson 10 2つの選択肢に関し、自分の好みを述べさせるもの
英文エッセイの書き方の基本
☆手順
1．Writing Topicの確認: 課題を正確に読みとり要求されている解答内容をイメージします。
2．Brainstorming: 課題に関して思いつくことを書き出します。（頭の中にある材料を頭の外に出して整理しやすくする作業です。）
3．構成: Brainstormingで書き出した材料を整理してエッセイの基本構造に合う形にします。（１）同じ事項に関するものは同じ段落に集めます。（２）段落を重要な順に並べ替えます。
4．書く: 構成でできた段落（本論）に導入と結論の段落をつけ、実際の文章にします。
5．見直し: 論旨の矛盾、説明不足、構文・つづり・句読点等のミスをチェックします。
☆構成
エッセイのTopicは様々ですが、英文エッセイの構造は基本的に同じです。ごく簡単に言うと【主張（～だと思う）→理由（なぜなら…だからだ）→結論（従って～だと言える）】という流れになります。
この流れの各部分は以下のようにIntroduction, Body, Conclusionと呼ばれています。
英文エッセイの基本構造
主張＝Introduction (Thesis) 導入
理由＝Body 本論
結論＝Conclusion 結論
主張＝Introductionでは意見と根拠の要旨を示します。エッセイの概略の段落です。
理由＝Bodyでは根拠を列挙します。
結論＝Conclusionでは本論から導き出せる結論を書きます。エッセイの総括の段落です。
Bodyでは示したい根拠の数だけ段落を作ります。例えば主張の理由が2つある場合、Bodyは2段落になります。
英文エッセイでは全体がこの流れになると同時に各段落もこの流れ（主張→理由→結論）になるようにします。
この基本構造に沿ったエッセイの構成をLesson １のWriting Topicを使って示すと例えば以下のようになります。
Writing Topic: Consider the following statement. The mass media (television, magazines, newspapers, and so on) concentrate too much on the private lives of famous people. Do you agree or disagree with this idea?
Introduction
Agree … Reason 1: Illegal, Reason 2: Doing harm to individuals,
Reason 3: Provides unnecessary information by nature
Body
Reason 1: Illegal; Invasion of privacy; e.g. Coverage unrelated to the person’s job; Most celebrity reports are beyond the bounds of decency.
Reason 2: Doing harm to famous people; e.g. Celebrities who became mentally or physically ill or died; Gossiping can be a bullying.
Reason 3: Provides unnecessary information by nature; For higher ratings, they produce demands for not really necessary information, or gossip, while down playing scandals of sponsors.
Conclusion
Because today’s media attention on famous people is illegal, is doing harm to innocent individuals, and is the reflection of unscrupulous economic activities, it can be said that mass media concentrate too much on the private lives of celebrities.
この講座ではTOEFL iBTで2つあるライティングセクションのひとつIndependent Writing対策を行います。（Independent Writingとは与えられたWriting Topicに関し最低300語のエッセイを書くという課題です。）
☆授業内容
♦実際にエッセイを書き、添削された答案を書き直して再提出することで制限時間内に合格レベルの答案を書ける力をつけていただきます。
♦代表的なパターンのWriting Topicを見てゆくと同時に、書く内容の考え方・広げ方を学習していただきます。
♦英文エッセイの基本構造を守り、きちんとした英文を書けるようにしていただくと同時に語彙を増やし表現力をつけていただきます。
☆授業の構成
授業はテキストの構成に従います。テキストは以下の3つのStepに分かれています。
Step 1： 文法・表現の注意点を学び、注意事項を使ったPattern Practiceを行います。
Step 2： 実際に出題されるWriting Topicを使ってエッセイを書きます。
Step 3： Sample Essay(s)を使って注意点や手本になる点を学びます。また時間に余裕のある場合は要約の練習も行います。（Step 2とStep 3の順はWriting Topicによっては逆にする場合もあります。）
☆Writing Topicについて： Writing Topicは身近な事項に対する意見や好みに関するもので専門的知識は必要ありませんが常識はある程度必要です。
☆各レッスンのWriting Topicパターン
Lesson 1 ある意見に対する賛成・反対を問うもの
Lesson 2 漠然とした課題：ある状況を仮定して自分ならどうするかを問うもの（１）
Lesson 3 与えられた選択肢からひとつを選んで説明させるもの
Lesson 4 2つの対立する意見について論じさせ、どちらに賛成か問うもの（１）
Lesson 5 2つの対立する意見について論じさせ、どちらに賛成か問うもの（２）
Lesson 6 2つの対立する意見のどちらに賛成か問うもの（１）
Lesson 7 与えられた条件に合う答えの選択肢について論じさせ、自分の選択を問うもの
Lesson 8 漠然とした課題：ある状況を仮定して自分ならどうするかを問うもの（２）
Lesson 9 2つの対立する意見のどちらに賛成か問うもの（２）
Lesson 10 2つの選択肢に関し、自分の好みを述べさせるもの
英文エッセイの書き方の基本
☆手順
1．Writing Topicの確認: 課題を正確に読みとり要求されている解答内容をイメージします。
2．Brainstorming: 課題に関して思いつくことを書き出します。（頭の中にある材料を頭の外に出して整理しやすくする作業です。）
3．構成: Brainstormingで書き出した材料を整理してエッセイの基本構造に合う形にします。（１）同じ事項に関するものは同じ段落に集めます。（２）段落を重要な順に並べ替えます。
4．書く: 構成でできた段落（本論）に導入と結論の段落をつけ、実際の文章にします。
5．見直し: 論旨の矛盾、説明不足、構文・つづり・句読点等のミスをチェックします。
☆構成
エッセイのTopicは様々ですが、英文エッセイの構造は基本的に同じです。ごく簡単に言うと【主張（～だと思う）→理由（なぜなら…だからだ）→結論（従って～だと言える）】という流れになります。
この流れの各部分は以下のようにIntroduction, Body, Conclusionと呼ばれています。
英文エッセイの基本構造
主張＝Introduction (Thesis) 導入
理由＝Body 本論
結論＝Conclusion 結論
主張＝Introductionでは意見と根拠の要旨を示します。エッセイの概略の段落です。
理由＝Bodyでは根拠を列挙します。
結論＝Conclusionでは本論から導き出せる結論を書きます。エッセイの総括の段落です。
Bodyでは示したい根拠の数だけ段落を作ります。例えば主張の理由が2つある場合、Bodyは2段落になります。
英文エッセイでは全体がこの流れになると同時に各段落もこの流れ（主張→理由→結論）になるようにします。
この基本構造に沿ったエッセイの構成をLesson １のWriting Topicを使って示すと例えば以下のようになります。
Writing Topic: Consider the following statement. The mass media (television, magazines, newspapers, and so on) concentrate too much on the private lives of famous people. Do you agree or disagree with this idea?
Introduction
Agree … Reason 1: Illegal, Reason 2: Doing harm to individuals,
Reason 3: Provides unnecessary information by nature
Body
Reason 1: Illegal; Invasion of privacy; e.g. Coverage unrelated to the person’s job; Most celebrity reports are beyond the bounds of decency.
Reason 2: Doing harm to famous people; e.g. Celebrities who became mentally or physically ill or died; Gossiping can be a bullying.
Reason 3: Provides unnecessary information by nature; For higher ratings, they produce demands for not really necessary information, or gossip, while down playing scandals of sponsors.
Conclusion
Because today’s media attention on famous people is illegal, is doing harm to innocent individuals, and is the reflection of unscrupulous economic activities, it can be said that mass media concentrate too much on the private lives of celebrities.
2011年4月7日木曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
230. 2011/04/07 Went to bed around 0:30 and probably fell asleep between 1:00 and 1:30. Woken up around 2:30 by a mechanic noise that went Guan Guan Guan Guan and Flashes in eyes synced them. I remember sitting up, looking at the clock, wearing earmuffs, and laying myself. Woken up again around 6:30 by something and awake about two hours and fell asleep again. Woke up around 10:30 with vibration of the loft floor and accompanying gggggggggggg noise which vibrated my scull. Flashes in my eyes bothered me for about an hour after I got up.
For just a reminder, when I contacted my old acquaintance about a couple of weeks ago, there was a sudden problem in handling my PC and I had to go out to make it. I will leave out further information hopefully to conceal the identity of the person.
For just a reminder, when I contacted my old acquaintance about a couple of weeks ago, there was a sudden problem in handling my PC and I had to go out to make it. I will leave out further information hopefully to conceal the identity of the person.
Class Supplement, TOEIC Part 5 Exercise, Summer Special Week II, Translations of Question Sentences
１
1. Zusuki Corp is investigating the possibility of establishing a production facility in India.
ズスキ（株）はインドでの生産施設設立の可能性を調査している。
2. Denzu Advertising hopes to demonstrate its talent for creating stylish and inventive ads when presenting its campaign ideas to Migrosoft.
デンズー広告はマイグロソフト社にキャンペーンのアイディアを提示する時にスマートで創意に富む広告を作る才能を明示したいと思っている。
3. The labor representatives conditionally accepted management’s proposed settlement, pending approval of the rank-and-file union members.
一般社員の組合員の承認待ちで、労働組合代表は経営陣の提案した決着を条件付で受け入れた。
4. The volatility of the exchange rate will have a large impact on those firms doing business internationally.
為替レートの不安定は国際的に取引をしている会社に大きな衝撃を与えるだろう。
5. Ms. Blackmore, the chief financial officer, has indicated that she will eventually delegate day-to-day responsibility for financial management to the comptroller.
最高財務責任者のブラックモア氏は日々の財務管理責任は最終的にその会計監査官に委任するであろうと示唆した。
6. Candidates for the position submit all of the required documents by e-mail attachment.
その職への候補者はメールの添付書類で必要書類全てを提出のこと。
7. Heavy industries, such as those which manufacture steel, typically require a very large initial investment in plant and equipment.
鉄鋼を生産するような重工業は典型的に工場と装備に多額の初期投資を要する。
8. Those interested in booking booths for the city’s annual antiques show should contact Ms. Kanchana at the chamber of commerce.
市が毎年行っている骨董展示会のブース予約に興味のある方は商工会議所のカンチャナ氏に連絡してください。
9. All conference attendees should be sure to register by e-mail prior to arriving at the convention center.
会議参加者は全員、会議場に到着する前に必ずメールで登録してください。
10. To avoid cancellation of your flight reservations, you must confirm them within 48 hours of your intended return.
搭乗便の予約キャンセルを避ける為、帰る予定の48時間以内に確認しなくてはならない。
２
1. A financial auditor must examine an institution’s records, budgets, investments, and assets in accordance with the accepted rules of accounting in his or her area of specialization.
財務監査官は専門分野で認められた経理規定に従って組織の記録や予算、投資、財産を調べなければならない。
2. The commission ultimately rejected the proposed plan to build a new swimming complex, claiming that it would be excessive in cost.
コストが超過するだろうと主張して、委員会は提案された新しい水泳総合ビル建設計画を最終的に却下した。
3. A truly effective advertising campaign not only increases product sales but also boosts a company’s brand image.
真に効果的な広告キャンペーンは製品の売り上げだけでなく会社のブランド・イメージも上げるだろう。
4. Due to the fact that various statewide expenses for road and bridge and repair were far higher than originally estimated, the governor requested a supplementary budget.
道路・橋・修理のための州全域の様々な経費が最初に見積もられていたよりもはるかに高かったという事実により、知事は補正予算を要求した。
5. The editors of The Detroit Post delayed publication of the controversial story until its facts could be further verified.
デトロイト・ポストの編集者たちは事実が更に確認されるまで、論争を巻き起こしているその物語の出版を遅らせた。
6. The census data compiled every 10 years by the federal government is made available to the public on its Web site.
連邦政府により10年ごとに編纂される国勢調査は政府のウェヴサイトで一般人が利用できる。
7. The firm requested its attorney, Mr.Pappalardi, to thoroughly analyze the terms of the contract before concluding an agreement.
その会社は、合意決定前に契約条項を徹底的に分析するよう弁護士のパッパラルディ氏に要請した。
8. The commerce department has launched a comprehensive investigation in response to allegations of price-fixing in the construction sector.
建設部門における価格操作の申し立てに応じ、商務省は包括的な調査を立ち上げた。
9. Individual efficiency is a prime factor in assessing overall worker productivity.
個人効率が、全体としての労働者生産性を査定する時の主要要素である。
10. On July 1st the personnel office will begin reviewing the applications of all qualified candidates.
7月1日に人事部は資格のある全ての候補者の応募書類に目を通し始める予定だ。
３
1. Ms. Wetton asked all department members to give their July sales targets to their team leaders or her directly.
ウェットン氏は、班長か彼女に7月の売り上げ目標を出すよう部署のメンバー全員に依頼した。
2. Mr. Anderson prefers that his retirement plans remain between the personnel department and him until an official announcement is made.
アンダーソン氏は、正式発表がなされるまで自分の退職予定は人事部と自分の間にとどめるのを好んでいる。
3. The change in the production schedule will give us additional time to develop our advertising campaign.
生産計画における変更により我々の広告キャンペーンを開発するための時間が延長されるだろう。
4. Departments of the municipal government, including the road and transport division, were asked by the city manager to standardize their expense reports.
市役所の部署は道路交通課も含めて経理報告書を統一するよう市長から依頼された。
5. The doctor wrote a special prescription as her patient was going on a two-week business trip.
患者が2週間の出張に行くので医者は特別の処方箋を書いた。
6. Steve Howe is not only a widely read author of books on investment but a well-known professor of economics as well.
スティーヴ・ハウは広く読まれている投資に関する本の著者であるだけでなく有名な経済学の教授でもある。
7. A manager’s performance can be evaluated based on her ability to cultivate the leadership of others as well as her own leadership skills.
部長の業績は彼女自身の指導力はもちろん他人の指導力を育成する能力にも基づいて評価される。
8. The new employee cafeteria can accommodate as many as 400 workers at one time.
新しい社員食堂は一度に400人もの社員に対応できる。
9. As much as 40 percent of the accounting department’s record-keeping is solely devoted to maintaining the payroll.
経理部の記録保存の40%もが給与支払い名簿維持にのみ当てられる。
10. Employees will receive their year-end bonuses as long as they pass their performance reviews.
業績評価に合格する限り、社員は年末ボーナスをもらう。
４
1. According to Vancouver’s traffic code, applications of annual parking permits must be filed by November 1.
バンクーバーの交通規定によれば、年間駐車許可申請は11月1日までに提出しなければならない。
2. The board of directors was concerned that although the company’s earnings had declined sharply, the firm’s executives still awarded themselves large bonuses.
会社収入が急激に減少したのに会社役員は依然多額のボーナスを自分たちに出したことを役員会は憂慮していた。
3. Our firm decided to change distributors, because we were dissatisfied with the way the old distributor was handling our product.
我社は前の販売業者の我社の製品の取り扱い方が不満だったので販売業者を変える決定をした。
4. The section chief always gives her subordinates clear feedback on their performance, regardless of whether it is positive or negative.
課長は常に部下に対し、肯定的であろうが否定的であろうが彼らの業績に関する明確な意見感想を言っている。
5. Sao Paulo is the center of business activity in Brazil, while Rio de Janeiro is the country’s most popular tourist destination.
サンパウロはブラジルのビジネス活動の中心であるが一方リオデジャネイロは国の最も人気のある観光地だ。
6. In the last decade, the California wine industry has lost much of its restaurant business to Australian winemakers, who make wines of similar quality.
過去十年でカリフォルニアのワイン業界は同レベルの質のワインを生産するオーストラリアのワインメーカーにレストラン業の大半で負けた。
7. Since the replacement of machinery in the plant, productivity has increased by almost 10 percent, and the occurrence of accidents has decreased.
工場の機械類の交換以来、生産性はほぼ10%増加し、事故発生は減少した。
8. Free Bird Books Unlimited is holding a sale starting next week at each of its retail outlets in the metro area.
フリーバード・ブックス社は大都市圏の各小売店で来週安売りを行う。
9. Productivity is one factor, among many others, by which a department’s performance can be evaluated.
多くの他の要素の内、生産性はそれを使って部署の業績を評価する一要素だ。
10. Anyone who wishes to purchase supplementary health insurance should contact the human resources department.
補助的健康保険の購入希望者は誰でも人材部に連絡してください。
５
1. Cornnel College is now offering a two-year degree for students intending to pursue careers in information technology.
コーネル大学は、ＩＴの仕事を求めるつもりの学生に2年間の学位を現在提供している。
2. Please provide a phone number or email address in case we need to contact you concerning your DVD rental account.
DVD貸し出し口座に関して連絡が必要な場合のために電話番号かメールアドレスを教えてください。
3. Upper management is considering promoting Mr. Layman to director of regional sales because of his excellent sales record and management skills.
経営陣上層部はレイマン氏を地方販売取締役に昇進させることを考慮中だ。
4. The pools and spas on our property are for the exclusive use of Brighton Rock Hotel guests.
私どもの地所のプールとスパの使用はブライトン・ロック・ホテルのお客様専用です。
5. We ask that you return shopping carts to designated areas in the parking lot to prevent damage to vehicles.
車への損傷を防ぐためショッピング・カートは駐車場の指定されたエリアに戻してくださるようお願いいたします。
6. By attending our open house, you can learn about the programs and classes we are offering, as well as entering a drawing to win a free spring course.
オープン・ハウスに参加することにより、無料春期講習が当たるくじに登録するだけでなく当校が提供する制度や授業について知ることができます。
7. The Bon Appetit's outstanding commitment to cuisine has earned it a stellar reputation among the French.
ボナペティ店の料理に対するすばらしい専念により、店はフランス人の間で非常にすばらしい評判を得た。
8. Those taking part in the desert expedition are advised to carry a first-aid kit, which should include a remedy for rattlesnake venom.
砂漠探検参加者はガラガラヘビの毒用の薬を含む救急用具携帯をお勧めします。
9. Roundabout has been trying to attract more diverse industries to the area recently, as the local economy is overwhelmingly dependent on tourism.
地元経済が圧倒的に旅行産業に頼っているので、ラウンドアバウト社は最近その地域により多様な産業を引き付けようとしている。
10. The results of our clinical trials will be made public as soon as the CEO approves their release.
最高経営取締役が発表を承認し次第、臨床試験結果は公開されるだろう。
６
1. To bolster the sagging economy, the Federal Reserve Bank has repeatedly cut interest rates over the last two years.
下降景気強化のため、連邦準備銀行は過去２年間繰り返し利子を下げた。
2. Deliveries from our new paper supplier are significantly more dependable than those of the previous company, though the cost is about the same.
用紙の新しい納入業者の配達はコストはほぼ同じだが以前の会社の配達よりはるかに頼りになる。
3. The government is offering special loan programs to homeowners who were affected by last summer’s devastating floods.
政府は昨年夏の壊滅的な洪水の影響を受けた住宅所有者に特別ローン制度を提供している。
4. Our new Yngwie MT11 copy machine operates more efficiently than any other model we have ever used in the past.
新しいイングヴェイMT11コピー機は我々が過去に使用した他のどの型よりも効率的に動作する。
5. Anyone visiting the construction site is required by regulation to wear a hard hat.
建設現場を訪れる人は誰でも、法律によりヘルメット着用を要求される。
6. Robert Flipp has served as chief executive officer at KingRobert Co., Ltd. for the past forty-two years.
ロバート・フリップは過去42年間キング・ロバート社で最高経営責任者として勤めてきた。
7. Nutritionists currently recommend that those in the age group of 50 years and older ----- a daily vitamin supplement that includes calcium.
栄養学者たちは現在、50才以上の年齢層の人はカルシウムを含むビタミン補助剤を毎日取ることを勧めている。
8. All of the members of Mr. Page's team were surprised to learn yesterday that Ms. Plant had accepted a position with a rival firm.
ペイジ氏のチームメンバー全員はプラント氏がライバル社の仕事を受けたと昨日知って驚いた。
9. Beck’s Foudry has been producing high-grade alloys for industrial uses since the early 1960s.
ベック鋳造は1960年代初頭以来工業用高純度合金を生産し続けている。
10. The team cannot begin the last round of testing until the laboratory finishes analyzing the results of the previous trials.
研究所が前の試験結果の分析を終えるまでチームは最終試験を始められない。
７
1. Air Drums passengers receive light meals as well as drinks on all flights of three hours or more.
エアー・ドラムスの乗客は3時間以上の便全てで飲み物はもちろん軽食をもらう。
2. A good negotiator must remain calm at all times and avoid becoming argumentative with the representatives of other organizations.
交渉上手になるには常に冷静で他の組織代表とけんか腰になるのを避けなければならない。
3. Mr. Mason, the head accountant of our company who is a 44-year veteran, will be recognized at the banquet next month.
わが社の会計主任メイソン氏は44年のベテランだが、来月、宴会で表彰される。
4. This six-week public-speaking seminar will teach you how to overcome performance anxiety and develop more effective presentation skills.
この6週間話術セミナーで遂行への不安克服法とより効果的な発表技術の開拓法を教授します。
5. Mr. Clapton’s accounts have been reassigned so that no one person will be in charge of all his clients during his vacation.
クラプトン氏の顧客は、彼の休暇中ひとりが担当することのないよう再割り当てされた。
6. The devices produced by Samsong are so superior in quality that ----- has failed within the product’s warranty period.
サムソン社が生産する装置は質が非常に優っているので製品保証期間内に故障したものはひとつもない。
7. According to Young Independent Research Group, CS&N’s increase in profits last quarter was larger than ever before.
ヤング独立研究会によると、この前のCS&N社の四半期利益増は過去最大だった。
8. Passengers are kindly asked to be patient for another few minutes, as the train will resume operation as soon as the track has been cleared.
線路が開き次第電車は走行再開しますので、乗客の皆様はもう数分我慢してください。
9. It is expected that every company employee will receive a year-end bonus this year.
今年は全社員が年末のボーナスをもらうだろうと予測されている。
10. Payment for your credit card bill can be made by check or money order but cash will not be accepted.
クレジットカード請求書支払いは小切手か為替でできるが現金支払いはできない。
８
1. G. Moore Foundation is committed to preserving buildings of historical significance.
G・ムーア財団は歴史的重要性のある建物の保存に専心しています。
2. The resignation of Moggins & Lessina's CEO was part of the company’s reorganization plan, which was approved this month by the board of directors.
モギンズ＆レッシーナ社代表取締役の辞任は社の再編計画の一環で、今月重役会に承認された。
3. If we find that the charge to your account was made in error, we will make the proper adjustment within one business day.
お客様の口座へ間違って請求があったと分かった場合、1営業日以内に適切な調整を行います。
4. The UTube Theater has begun scheduling performances of their new show, “Space Shanty.”
Uチューブ劇団は新しい出し物「宇宙の舟歌」の興行予定を作成し始めた。
5. The rules for the amateur photography competition are outlined on the following pages of this brochure; please review them carefully before sending in your entry.
素人写真コンテストの規則はこのパンフレットの次のページに概略があります。参加申し込み書送付前に注意深く読んでください。
6. All audio-visual materials must be returned to the library within 48 hours of the time they are checked out.
視聴覚資料は全て貸し出し語48時間以内に図書館に返却しなくてはならない。
7. Many investors are looking for ways to take advantage of low interest rates.
多くの投資家が低金利を活用する方法を探している。
8. The decision to accept Wild World Inc. offer was made over the objections of Associate Director Lisa d'Arbanville.
ワイルド・ワールド社の申し出受け入れの決定は、副所長リサ・ダーバンヴィルの反対を抑えてなされた。
9. The complications, which had been brought about by the computer virus, were quickly solved by the resourceful staff.
その厄介な状況は、コンピューターウイルスによりもたらされていたのだが、機知に富んだスタッフがすばやく解決した。
10. The superintendent announced that all children in the district must be registered in school at least three mouths prior to the start of classes.
校長は、その地域の子供は全て授業開始の少なくとも3ヶ月前に学校に登録しなければならないと発表した。
1. Zusuki Corp is investigating the possibility of establishing a production facility in India.
ズスキ（株）はインドでの生産施設設立の可能性を調査している。
2. Denzu Advertising hopes to demonstrate its talent for creating stylish and inventive ads when presenting its campaign ideas to Migrosoft.
デンズー広告はマイグロソフト社にキャンペーンのアイディアを提示する時にスマートで創意に富む広告を作る才能を明示したいと思っている。
3. The labor representatives conditionally accepted management’s proposed settlement, pending approval of the rank-and-file union members.
一般社員の組合員の承認待ちで、労働組合代表は経営陣の提案した決着を条件付で受け入れた。
4. The volatility of the exchange rate will have a large impact on those firms doing business internationally.
為替レートの不安定は国際的に取引をしている会社に大きな衝撃を与えるだろう。
5. Ms. Blackmore, the chief financial officer, has indicated that she will eventually delegate day-to-day responsibility for financial management to the comptroller.
最高財務責任者のブラックモア氏は日々の財務管理責任は最終的にその会計監査官に委任するであろうと示唆した。
6. Candidates for the position submit all of the required documents by e-mail attachment.
その職への候補者はメールの添付書類で必要書類全てを提出のこと。
7. Heavy industries, such as those which manufacture steel, typically require a very large initial investment in plant and equipment.
鉄鋼を生産するような重工業は典型的に工場と装備に多額の初期投資を要する。
8. Those interested in booking booths for the city’s annual antiques show should contact Ms. Kanchana at the chamber of commerce.
市が毎年行っている骨董展示会のブース予約に興味のある方は商工会議所のカンチャナ氏に連絡してください。
9. All conference attendees should be sure to register by e-mail prior to arriving at the convention center.
会議参加者は全員、会議場に到着する前に必ずメールで登録してください。
10. To avoid cancellation of your flight reservations, you must confirm them within 48 hours of your intended return.
搭乗便の予約キャンセルを避ける為、帰る予定の48時間以内に確認しなくてはならない。
２
1. A financial auditor must examine an institution’s records, budgets, investments, and assets in accordance with the accepted rules of accounting in his or her area of specialization.
財務監査官は専門分野で認められた経理規定に従って組織の記録や予算、投資、財産を調べなければならない。
2. The commission ultimately rejected the proposed plan to build a new swimming complex, claiming that it would be excessive in cost.
コストが超過するだろうと主張して、委員会は提案された新しい水泳総合ビル建設計画を最終的に却下した。
3. A truly effective advertising campaign not only increases product sales but also boosts a company’s brand image.
真に効果的な広告キャンペーンは製品の売り上げだけでなく会社のブランド・イメージも上げるだろう。
4. Due to the fact that various statewide expenses for road and bridge and repair were far higher than originally estimated, the governor requested a supplementary budget.
道路・橋・修理のための州全域の様々な経費が最初に見積もられていたよりもはるかに高かったという事実により、知事は補正予算を要求した。
5. The editors of The Detroit Post delayed publication of the controversial story until its facts could be further verified.
デトロイト・ポストの編集者たちは事実が更に確認されるまで、論争を巻き起こしているその物語の出版を遅らせた。
6. The census data compiled every 10 years by the federal government is made available to the public on its Web site.
連邦政府により10年ごとに編纂される国勢調査は政府のウェヴサイトで一般人が利用できる。
7. The firm requested its attorney, Mr.Pappalardi, to thoroughly analyze the terms of the contract before concluding an agreement.
その会社は、合意決定前に契約条項を徹底的に分析するよう弁護士のパッパラルディ氏に要請した。
8. The commerce department has launched a comprehensive investigation in response to allegations of price-fixing in the construction sector.
建設部門における価格操作の申し立てに応じ、商務省は包括的な調査を立ち上げた。
9. Individual efficiency is a prime factor in assessing overall worker productivity.
個人効率が、全体としての労働者生産性を査定する時の主要要素である。
10. On July 1st the personnel office will begin reviewing the applications of all qualified candidates.
7月1日に人事部は資格のある全ての候補者の応募書類に目を通し始める予定だ。
３
1. Ms. Wetton asked all department members to give their July sales targets to their team leaders or her directly.
ウェットン氏は、班長か彼女に7月の売り上げ目標を出すよう部署のメンバー全員に依頼した。
2. Mr. Anderson prefers that his retirement plans remain between the personnel department and him until an official announcement is made.
アンダーソン氏は、正式発表がなされるまで自分の退職予定は人事部と自分の間にとどめるのを好んでいる。
3. The change in the production schedule will give us additional time to develop our advertising campaign.
生産計画における変更により我々の広告キャンペーンを開発するための時間が延長されるだろう。
4. Departments of the municipal government, including the road and transport division, were asked by the city manager to standardize their expense reports.
市役所の部署は道路交通課も含めて経理報告書を統一するよう市長から依頼された。
5. The doctor wrote a special prescription as her patient was going on a two-week business trip.
患者が2週間の出張に行くので医者は特別の処方箋を書いた。
6. Steve Howe is not only a widely read author of books on investment but a well-known professor of economics as well.
スティーヴ・ハウは広く読まれている投資に関する本の著者であるだけでなく有名な経済学の教授でもある。
7. A manager’s performance can be evaluated based on her ability to cultivate the leadership of others as well as her own leadership skills.
部長の業績は彼女自身の指導力はもちろん他人の指導力を育成する能力にも基づいて評価される。
8. The new employee cafeteria can accommodate as many as 400 workers at one time.
新しい社員食堂は一度に400人もの社員に対応できる。
9. As much as 40 percent of the accounting department’s record-keeping is solely devoted to maintaining the payroll.
経理部の記録保存の40%もが給与支払い名簿維持にのみ当てられる。
10. Employees will receive their year-end bonuses as long as they pass their performance reviews.
業績評価に合格する限り、社員は年末ボーナスをもらう。
４
1. According to Vancouver’s traffic code, applications of annual parking permits must be filed by November 1.
バンクーバーの交通規定によれば、年間駐車許可申請は11月1日までに提出しなければならない。
2. The board of directors was concerned that although the company’s earnings had declined sharply, the firm’s executives still awarded themselves large bonuses.
会社収入が急激に減少したのに会社役員は依然多額のボーナスを自分たちに出したことを役員会は憂慮していた。
3. Our firm decided to change distributors, because we were dissatisfied with the way the old distributor was handling our product.
我社は前の販売業者の我社の製品の取り扱い方が不満だったので販売業者を変える決定をした。
4. The section chief always gives her subordinates clear feedback on their performance, regardless of whether it is positive or negative.
課長は常に部下に対し、肯定的であろうが否定的であろうが彼らの業績に関する明確な意見感想を言っている。
5. Sao Paulo is the center of business activity in Brazil, while Rio de Janeiro is the country’s most popular tourist destination.
サンパウロはブラジルのビジネス活動の中心であるが一方リオデジャネイロは国の最も人気のある観光地だ。
6. In the last decade, the California wine industry has lost much of its restaurant business to Australian winemakers, who make wines of similar quality.
過去十年でカリフォルニアのワイン業界は同レベルの質のワインを生産するオーストラリアのワインメーカーにレストラン業の大半で負けた。
7. Since the replacement of machinery in the plant, productivity has increased by almost 10 percent, and the occurrence of accidents has decreased.
工場の機械類の交換以来、生産性はほぼ10%増加し、事故発生は減少した。
8. Free Bird Books Unlimited is holding a sale starting next week at each of its retail outlets in the metro area.
フリーバード・ブックス社は大都市圏の各小売店で来週安売りを行う。
9. Productivity is one factor, among many others, by which a department’s performance can be evaluated.
多くの他の要素の内、生産性はそれを使って部署の業績を評価する一要素だ。
10. Anyone who wishes to purchase supplementary health insurance should contact the human resources department.
補助的健康保険の購入希望者は誰でも人材部に連絡してください。
５
1. Cornnel College is now offering a two-year degree for students intending to pursue careers in information technology.
コーネル大学は、ＩＴの仕事を求めるつもりの学生に2年間の学位を現在提供している。
2. Please provide a phone number or email address in case we need to contact you concerning your DVD rental account.
DVD貸し出し口座に関して連絡が必要な場合のために電話番号かメールアドレスを教えてください。
3. Upper management is considering promoting Mr. Layman to director of regional sales because of his excellent sales record and management skills.
経営陣上層部はレイマン氏を地方販売取締役に昇進させることを考慮中だ。
4. The pools and spas on our property are for the exclusive use of Brighton Rock Hotel guests.
私どもの地所のプールとスパの使用はブライトン・ロック・ホテルのお客様専用です。
5. We ask that you return shopping carts to designated areas in the parking lot to prevent damage to vehicles.
車への損傷を防ぐためショッピング・カートは駐車場の指定されたエリアに戻してくださるようお願いいたします。
6. By attending our open house, you can learn about the programs and classes we are offering, as well as entering a drawing to win a free spring course.
オープン・ハウスに参加することにより、無料春期講習が当たるくじに登録するだけでなく当校が提供する制度や授業について知ることができます。
7. The Bon Appetit's outstanding commitment to cuisine has earned it a stellar reputation among the French.
ボナペティ店の料理に対するすばらしい専念により、店はフランス人の間で非常にすばらしい評判を得た。
8. Those taking part in the desert expedition are advised to carry a first-aid kit, which should include a remedy for rattlesnake venom.
砂漠探検参加者はガラガラヘビの毒用の薬を含む救急用具携帯をお勧めします。
9. Roundabout has been trying to attract more diverse industries to the area recently, as the local economy is overwhelmingly dependent on tourism.
地元経済が圧倒的に旅行産業に頼っているので、ラウンドアバウト社は最近その地域により多様な産業を引き付けようとしている。
10. The results of our clinical trials will be made public as soon as the CEO approves their release.
最高経営取締役が発表を承認し次第、臨床試験結果は公開されるだろう。
６
1. To bolster the sagging economy, the Federal Reserve Bank has repeatedly cut interest rates over the last two years.
下降景気強化のため、連邦準備銀行は過去２年間繰り返し利子を下げた。
2. Deliveries from our new paper supplier are significantly more dependable than those of the previous company, though the cost is about the same.
用紙の新しい納入業者の配達はコストはほぼ同じだが以前の会社の配達よりはるかに頼りになる。
3. The government is offering special loan programs to homeowners who were affected by last summer’s devastating floods.
政府は昨年夏の壊滅的な洪水の影響を受けた住宅所有者に特別ローン制度を提供している。
4. Our new Yngwie MT11 copy machine operates more efficiently than any other model we have ever used in the past.
新しいイングヴェイMT11コピー機は我々が過去に使用した他のどの型よりも効率的に動作する。
5. Anyone visiting the construction site is required by regulation to wear a hard hat.
建設現場を訪れる人は誰でも、法律によりヘルメット着用を要求される。
6. Robert Flipp has served as chief executive officer at KingRobert Co., Ltd. for the past forty-two years.
ロバート・フリップは過去42年間キング・ロバート社で最高経営責任者として勤めてきた。
7. Nutritionists currently recommend that those in the age group of 50 years and older ----- a daily vitamin supplement that includes calcium.
栄養学者たちは現在、50才以上の年齢層の人はカルシウムを含むビタミン補助剤を毎日取ることを勧めている。
8. All of the members of Mr. Page's team were surprised to learn yesterday that Ms. Plant had accepted a position with a rival firm.
ペイジ氏のチームメンバー全員はプラント氏がライバル社の仕事を受けたと昨日知って驚いた。
9. Beck’s Foudry has been producing high-grade alloys for industrial uses since the early 1960s.
ベック鋳造は1960年代初頭以来工業用高純度合金を生産し続けている。
10. The team cannot begin the last round of testing until the laboratory finishes analyzing the results of the previous trials.
研究所が前の試験結果の分析を終えるまでチームは最終試験を始められない。
７
1. Air Drums passengers receive light meals as well as drinks on all flights of three hours or more.
エアー・ドラムスの乗客は3時間以上の便全てで飲み物はもちろん軽食をもらう。
2. A good negotiator must remain calm at all times and avoid becoming argumentative with the representatives of other organizations.
交渉上手になるには常に冷静で他の組織代表とけんか腰になるのを避けなければならない。
3. Mr. Mason, the head accountant of our company who is a 44-year veteran, will be recognized at the banquet next month.
わが社の会計主任メイソン氏は44年のベテランだが、来月、宴会で表彰される。
4. This six-week public-speaking seminar will teach you how to overcome performance anxiety and develop more effective presentation skills.
この6週間話術セミナーで遂行への不安克服法とより効果的な発表技術の開拓法を教授します。
5. Mr. Clapton’s accounts have been reassigned so that no one person will be in charge of all his clients during his vacation.
クラプトン氏の顧客は、彼の休暇中ひとりが担当することのないよう再割り当てされた。
6. The devices produced by Samsong are so superior in quality that ----- has failed within the product’s warranty period.
サムソン社が生産する装置は質が非常に優っているので製品保証期間内に故障したものはひとつもない。
7. According to Young Independent Research Group, CS&N’s increase in profits last quarter was larger than ever before.
ヤング独立研究会によると、この前のCS&N社の四半期利益増は過去最大だった。
8. Passengers are kindly asked to be patient for another few minutes, as the train will resume operation as soon as the track has been cleared.
線路が開き次第電車は走行再開しますので、乗客の皆様はもう数分我慢してください。
9. It is expected that every company employee will receive a year-end bonus this year.
今年は全社員が年末のボーナスをもらうだろうと予測されている。
10. Payment for your credit card bill can be made by check or money order but cash will not be accepted.
クレジットカード請求書支払いは小切手か為替でできるが現金支払いはできない。
８
1. G. Moore Foundation is committed to preserving buildings of historical significance.
G・ムーア財団は歴史的重要性のある建物の保存に専心しています。
2. The resignation of Moggins & Lessina's CEO was part of the company’s reorganization plan, which was approved this month by the board of directors.
モギンズ＆レッシーナ社代表取締役の辞任は社の再編計画の一環で、今月重役会に承認された。
3. If we find that the charge to your account was made in error, we will make the proper adjustment within one business day.
お客様の口座へ間違って請求があったと分かった場合、1営業日以内に適切な調整を行います。
4. The UTube Theater has begun scheduling performances of their new show, “Space Shanty.”
Uチューブ劇団は新しい出し物「宇宙の舟歌」の興行予定を作成し始めた。
5. The rules for the amateur photography competition are outlined on the following pages of this brochure; please review them carefully before sending in your entry.
素人写真コンテストの規則はこのパンフレットの次のページに概略があります。参加申し込み書送付前に注意深く読んでください。
6. All audio-visual materials must be returned to the library within 48 hours of the time they are checked out.
視聴覚資料は全て貸し出し語48時間以内に図書館に返却しなくてはならない。
7. Many investors are looking for ways to take advantage of low interest rates.
多くの投資家が低金利を活用する方法を探している。
8. The decision to accept Wild World Inc. offer was made over the objections of Associate Director Lisa d'Arbanville.
ワイルド・ワールド社の申し出受け入れの決定は、副所長リサ・ダーバンヴィルの反対を抑えてなされた。
9. The complications, which had been brought about by the computer virus, were quickly solved by the resourceful staff.
その厄介な状況は、コンピューターウイルスによりもたらされていたのだが、機知に富んだスタッフがすばやく解決した。
10. The superintendent announced that all children in the district must be registered in school at least three mouths prior to the start of classes.
校長は、その地域の子供は全て授業開始の少なくとも3ヶ月前に学校に登録しなければならないと発表した。
Class Supplement, TOEIC Part 5 Exercise, Summer Special Week I, Translations of Question Sentences
１
1. Applications for the position must be sent to the administrative office by December 23rd.
その職への応募書類は12月23日までに管理事務所に送付されなければならない。
2. The stadium can hold over 70,000 fans, and includes over 2,000 executive luxury seats, which are enclosed in private rooms.
スタジアムは7万人以上のファンを収容でき2千以上の貴賓席があるがこれらはプライベートルーム内にある。
3. Farmers were hit hard by the lack of rain in the spring, and the yields for rice were half of the usual amounts.
春の雨不足に農業従事者は打撃を受け、米の収穫は通常の半分だった。
4. Suggestions for the company’s new slogan are being accepted at the administrative office until the end of next month.
会社の新しいスローガンは来月末まで管理事務所で受付中です。
5. The manager doesn’t seem to know how the company got involved in the corruption scandal.
汚職スキャンダルに会社がどのように関与したのか部長は知らないようだ。
6. Hammett Inc. is strengthening its effort to increase sales of its core product line.
ハメット社は中核となる製品種の販売量増加の努力を強化している。
7. The expansion plan was abandoned when shareholders objected to its high cost and uncertain results.
高コストと不確実な結果に株主が反対して、拡大計画は放棄された。
8. In July, industrial output, boosted by rising production of automobiles and semiconductors, grew 3.8 percent on a year-on-year basis.
７月に工業生産は自動車と半導体の生産増加に後押しされ、前年度比3.8%の成長となった。
9. The CEO announced that production would resume on Monday, as problems with its main parts have been solved.
主要部品の問題が解決したので生産は月曜に再開するだろうと最高経営責任者は発表した。
10. Including entertainment expenses, taxes, and miscellaneous spending, the total cost of the business trip came to $56.673.
娯楽経費や税その他もろもろの出費込みで、出張費総額は56.673ドルになった。
２
1. On occasion, we ask for supplementary support from a security company based in Los Angeles.
時々、我々はロサンゼルスを本拠地とする警備会社の補助的支援を依頼する。
2. The aggressive salesman was consistently one of the company’s best performers over a period of ten years.
その積極的なセールスマンは10年以上の期間継続して社の最優秀業績達成者の一人だった。
3. The federal government is investigating what it calls questionable accounting practices at the failed company.
連邦政府は、破綻した会社の疑問点のある経理業務と彼らが呼んでいるものを調査中だ。
4. After fourteen consecutive days of increases, the price of silver finally closed slightly lower on Thursday.
14日連続の上昇後、銀価格はついに木曜日やや安値の終値だった。
5. The hiring committee will have to meet at least once more before making a final decision.
最終決定をする前に少なくとももう一回採用委員会は会合を開かねばならないだろう。
6. After the research was completed, Mr. Maughan was asked to make a presentation detailing his findings.
調査完了後、モーム氏は調査結果を詳しく述べる発表をするよう依頼された。
7. The company’s financial status has been excellent in the last three years, but even greater things are expected for the future.
その会社の財務状況は過去3年間優秀だったが将来もっとすばらしいことさえ予測されている。
8. All the information that you’ll ever need for this project is contained in this CD-ROM.
この計画に必要な情報は全てこのCD-ROMに入っている。
9. The Tin Drum plans to reorganize its board of directors before the next shareholders’ meeting, held annually on October 10.
ブリキの太鼓社は毎年10月10日に行われている次回株主総会前に役員会を再編するつもりだ。
10. Prices for all items at the concession stands at the stadium were increased by 20 percent.
スタジアムの売店の全製品の価格は20%上げられた。
３
1. After all of the missing funds had been accounted for, the bank was able to reopen its doors to the public.
紛失資金全ての説明がなされた後で、その銀行は一般客向けに業務再開ができた。
2. During the trial marketing period, eighty percent of consumers surveyed were delighted with the performance of the product.
試験販売期間中、調査対象の消費者の80%が製品の性能を喜んだ。
3. Please be sure that you turn off the lights, close the windows, and lock the door before you leave.
出る前に必ず電気を消して窓を閉めドアに鍵をかけてください。
4. Please circulate this information to all the employees today or tomorrow, as the program will be implemented next week.
この計画は来週実施されるので今日か明日社員全員にこの情報を回してください。
5. Thousands of beach-goers are expected today, as temperatures will probably get into the mid 90s.
気温が恐らく華氏90度半ばになるので、今日は浜辺に行く人が何千人も出ると予測される。
6. We are particularity interested in establishing relationships with new clients in Japan.
我々は日本の新しい顧客との関係確立に特に興味がある。
7. After much deliberation, the board decided to locate their new corporate headquarters in New York.
長い審議後、役員会は新本社をニューヨークに置くことにした。
8. By making a few changes to the assembly processes, we will be able to significantly increase productivity.
組み立てラインに変更をいくつかすることにより、生産性を相当上げることができるだろう。
9. Investors fear the company’s latest profit warning could have a potentially disastrous effect on the firm’s stock price.
利益に関する最近の会社の警告により会社の株価に潜在的に悲惨な影響があり得ると株主は恐れている。
10. A major department store group has announced that it will close its 10-year-old Canadian subsidiary, leading to the loss of some 900 jobs.
ある大手デパート系列会社は創業10年のカナダの子会社を閉鎖すると発表したが900余名の解雇となるだろう。
４
1. Banasonic Television Company will step up production of wide-screen televisions, starting early next month.
バナソニック・テレビ社は来月初頭開始でワイド・スクリーン・テレビの生産を増大させるだろう。
2. Should Dr. Terayama call while I’m away, please tell him his package will be delivered by the end of the day.
万が一私の外出中に寺山博士から電話があったら、彼宛の小包は今日中に配達される予定だと言って下さい。
3. Last month, after working for 10 years as a reporter, Mr. Proust was appointed to the editorial board of the Lost Times.
レポーターとして10年勤務後、プルースト氏は先月ロスト・タイムスの編集委員に任命された。
4. The health survey was answered by over ninety-five percent of the members of the association.
組合員の95%以上が健康調査に回答した。
5. Average car sales per store were estimated at 3,000 units, up from 2,500 units last fiscal year.
一店舗辺りの平均自動車販売台数は前回の会計年度から2500台上昇して3000台と見積もられた。
6. The manager is on vacation this week but has left a message for you on her desk.
部長は今週休暇中ですが彼女の机の上にあなた宛の伝言を残しています。
7. The German automotive industry is showing signs of a rebound after a dismal fiscal year in 2008.
ドイツ自動車業界は2008年の暗い会計年後立ち直りの兆しを見せている。
8. Gracq Appliances will be hiring 400 new employees in January for its new plant in Syrtes.
グラック・アプライアンス社はシルトの新工場用に1月社員400名を新規採用するだろう。
9. Mark June 19th on your calendars, because that is when the auditors form the consulting service will be paying us a visit.
カレンダーの19日に印をつけてください。この日に相談業務会社の監査員が来訪するからです。
10. The advertising campaign was a huge success, and as a result, the company was unable to keep up with demand for 3 months.
広告キャンペーンは大成功だった。そしてその結果、会社は3ヶ月間需要についてゆくことができなかった。
５
1. A modest rally in stocks continued this week, helped by a forecast that Christmas season sales would be healthy.
クリスマスシーズンの売り上げが健全だろうという予想に助けられ、今週株のわずかな反発が続いた。
2. Please make sure that this package gets to the President by 9 o’clock tomorrow morning before he leaves for Australia.
社長がオーストラリアに向けて出発する前に明日朝9時までにこの小包が必ず届くようにしてください。
3. Due to a slump in advertising revenues, the industry slowdown is expected to continue this year.
広告収入の落ち込みにより、今年は業界の減退が続くと予測されている。
4. The annual demand for the monitors has been estimated at over 1.6 million units in the U.S. market alone.
そのモニターの年間需要はアメリカ市場だけで160万台以上だと見積もられている。
5. Strong consumer spending is seen as a sign of a healthy economy.
堅調な消費者支出は健全な経済の印だとみなされる。
6. We have confidence in our overall sales model, though some aspects of our customer service program could be improved.
消費者サービス計画の何点かは改善の余地があるが、わが社の全体的な販売モデルには自信があります。
7. After opening, please store this medication in a cool, dry and dark place, away form the reach of children.
開封後、本薬剤は子供の手の届かない湿気のない冷暗所に保管してください。
8. The hotel is scheduled to open in the spring of 2011, corresponding to the opening of a new amusement park in the same area.
そのホテルは同地域の新しい遊園地の開園と同時に2011年春にオープンする予定だ。
9. A computer technician will drop by our office at about 3:00 p.m., so please make sure that you are at your desk at that time.
コンピューター技術者が午後3時頃我社の事務所に立ち寄るのでその時は必ず自分の机にいてください。
10. Although we were unable to implement every aspect of the cost-cutting plan, we did manage to save $25,000 by reducing some costs.
コスト削減計画の全ての点を実施することはできなかったが、いくつかのコストを減らすことにより確かに2万5千ドルを何とか節約した。
６
1. This year, our market share is expected to exceed 40 percent for the first time ever.
今年、われわれの市場占有率は初めて40%を超えた。
2. Many of our professional ovens are being used in the kitchens of the world’s finest restaurants.
わが社のプロ用オーブンの多くが世界最高のレストランの厨房で使用されてる。
3. Neither Shinji nor his brother Norio could stop talking about their month-long trip around the world.
伸二も彼の弟典夫も1ヶ月の世界一周旅行の話を止めることができなかった。
4. Investment analyst Reitaro Kada advises his clients to consult him before purchasing gold.
投資分析家の加田怜太郎は彼の顧客に対し、金を購入する前には自分に相談するよう勧めている。
5. We aren’t sure when Ms. Chandler will arrive, but we are certain that she will have a team of assistants with her.
チャンドラー氏がいつ到着するのか分からないが補佐官の一団が一緒にいることは確実だ。
6. As the company president has reminded us, our debts have been substantially reduced, but we still aren’t out of the woods.
社長が我々に思い出させた様に我社の負債は相当減ったが、まだ危機を脱していない。
7. A corporate reorganization plan will cut the company’s tax rate to less than 28 percent and save $43 million over the next two years.
ある会社の再建計画ではその会社の税率を28%未満に下げ今後2年間で430万ドル節約するだろう。
8. The company will have to sell off some oil production assets to meet obligations to its creditors.
その会社は、債権者への義務を果たすために石油生産用資産をいくつか売り渡さなければならないだろう。
9. A lot of companies are going under lately because banks are so tight with their money.
銀行があまりにも貸し渋りをするので最近多数の会社が倒産している。
10. The main delay in the negotiations is due to a disagreement regarding the contractor to be used for construction of the building.
交渉の主な遅れは、そのビルの建設に使われる請負業者に関する意見の不一致のためである。
７
1. The defection of one of our longstanding clients to a rival company was a serious blow, both to our reputation and to our bottom line.
わが社の長年にわたる顧客がライバル社に離反したことはわが社の評判と収支の両方にとって深刻な打撃だった。
2. Are you sure that you are putting sufficient resources into making the negotiations succeed?
交渉を成功させるために十分な資源を投入しているという確信がありますか？
3. I don’t think the marketing team has realistically considered all the costs involved in their advertising plan.
マーケティング・チームが広告計画に関わるコスト全てを現実的に考慮したとは思えない。
4. We have experienced improved profits and cash flow, despite recent reductions in our market share.
最近の市場占有率減少にもかかわらず。わが社は利益と現金の出入りが改善した。
5. A model of the new corporate headquarters was displayed at a press conference.
記者会見で新本社の模型が展示された。
6. XYZ Tragedy, which postponed its plan to open a new production plant in the Detroit area, is concerned the market is nearing saturation.
ＸＹＺの悲劇社は、デトロイト地域に新しい生産工場を置く計画を延期したが、市場が飽和状態に近づいていることを憂慮している。
7. In the coming years, a number of new commercial passenger airplane designs will make their appearance on the world stage.
今後数年内に、相当数の新しい民間旅客機デザインが世界の舞台に登場するだろう。
8. Many of our current marketing strategies, such as discounts and other special pricing strategies, are aimed at capturing market share from our top two competitors.
割引や他の特別価格戦略のようなわが社の現マーケティング戦略の多くが競争相手上位2社から市場占有率を取ることを目標としている。
9. Hinting at the possibility of a merger, the president admitted that the two companies were looking forward to “talking about cooperating together.”
合併の可能性を示唆して、社長は2社が「共に協力することについての話し合い」を楽しみにしていると認めた。
10. Shares for Graham Greene Inc. continued to rise today, despite the fact that the CEO sold one thousand shares of his stock.
最高経営責任者が自分の持ち株千株を売ったという事実にもかかわらず、今日グレアム・グリーン社の株は上がり続けた。
８
1. How often do you think it will be necessary for us to send a representative to our client in Hong Kong?
香港の顧客に代表者を送るのはどれくらいの頻度で必要だと思いますか？
2. Investors got nervous as it became apparent that they might not obtain the expected return from their investments.
予測した投資見返りが得られなさそうであることが明白になるにつれ投資家たちは苛立った。
3. The chairman cannot comment on that issue since it is the subject of an ongoing investigation.
調査中の話題なので会長はその問題についてはコメントできない。
4. As of March 4, more than 80 applications for the new position had been submitted.
3月4日付けでその新しい職への応募書類80%以上が提出されていた。
5. I wonder whether a company as large and traditional as ours can make the rapid changes necessary to survive in this industry.
この業界で生き残るのに必要な急速な変化をすることがわが社のような大きくて伝統のある会社にできるのだろうかと思う。
6. Gérard de Nerval Inc. has accomplished something that no other company has ever done.
ジェラール・ド・ネルヴァル社は他のどの会社もやったことのないことを成し遂げた。
7. The computer malfunction was thought to be insignificant, and the technician stated that it probably would not reoccur.
コンピューターの不調は大したことはないと考えられていた。そして技術者は恐らく再発はないだろうと述べた。
8. Unless there is a sudden change of plans, the annual company picnic will be held at Nakamura Park at 11:00 o’clock as usual.
急な計画変更がない限り、毎年行われる会社のピクニックは通常通り11時に中村公園で行われるでしょう。
9. Mr. Spencer will decide whether the new policy will be implemented this week or next week.
スペンサー氏は新方針の実施が今週か来週なのかを決めるだろう。
10. Competition in the manufacturing sectors of the garment and footwear industries has intensified in recent years.
衣類・履物業界の生産部門の競争は近年激化してきている。
1. Applications for the position must be sent to the administrative office by December 23rd.
その職への応募書類は12月23日までに管理事務所に送付されなければならない。
2. The stadium can hold over 70,000 fans, and includes over 2,000 executive luxury seats, which are enclosed in private rooms.
スタジアムは7万人以上のファンを収容でき2千以上の貴賓席があるがこれらはプライベートルーム内にある。
3. Farmers were hit hard by the lack of rain in the spring, and the yields for rice were half of the usual amounts.
春の雨不足に農業従事者は打撃を受け、米の収穫は通常の半分だった。
4. Suggestions for the company’s new slogan are being accepted at the administrative office until the end of next month.
会社の新しいスローガンは来月末まで管理事務所で受付中です。
5. The manager doesn’t seem to know how the company got involved in the corruption scandal.
汚職スキャンダルに会社がどのように関与したのか部長は知らないようだ。
6. Hammett Inc. is strengthening its effort to increase sales of its core product line.
ハメット社は中核となる製品種の販売量増加の努力を強化している。
7. The expansion plan was abandoned when shareholders objected to its high cost and uncertain results.
高コストと不確実な結果に株主が反対して、拡大計画は放棄された。
8. In July, industrial output, boosted by rising production of automobiles and semiconductors, grew 3.8 percent on a year-on-year basis.
７月に工業生産は自動車と半導体の生産増加に後押しされ、前年度比3.8%の成長となった。
9. The CEO announced that production would resume on Monday, as problems with its main parts have been solved.
主要部品の問題が解決したので生産は月曜に再開するだろうと最高経営責任者は発表した。
10. Including entertainment expenses, taxes, and miscellaneous spending, the total cost of the business trip came to $56.673.
娯楽経費や税その他もろもろの出費込みで、出張費総額は56.673ドルになった。
２
1. On occasion, we ask for supplementary support from a security company based in Los Angeles.
時々、我々はロサンゼルスを本拠地とする警備会社の補助的支援を依頼する。
2. The aggressive salesman was consistently one of the company’s best performers over a period of ten years.
その積極的なセールスマンは10年以上の期間継続して社の最優秀業績達成者の一人だった。
3. The federal government is investigating what it calls questionable accounting practices at the failed company.
連邦政府は、破綻した会社の疑問点のある経理業務と彼らが呼んでいるものを調査中だ。
4. After fourteen consecutive days of increases, the price of silver finally closed slightly lower on Thursday.
14日連続の上昇後、銀価格はついに木曜日やや安値の終値だった。
5. The hiring committee will have to meet at least once more before making a final decision.
最終決定をする前に少なくとももう一回採用委員会は会合を開かねばならないだろう。
6. After the research was completed, Mr. Maughan was asked to make a presentation detailing his findings.
調査完了後、モーム氏は調査結果を詳しく述べる発表をするよう依頼された。
7. The company’s financial status has been excellent in the last three years, but even greater things are expected for the future.
その会社の財務状況は過去3年間優秀だったが将来もっとすばらしいことさえ予測されている。
8. All the information that you’ll ever need for this project is contained in this CD-ROM.
この計画に必要な情報は全てこのCD-ROMに入っている。
9. The Tin Drum plans to reorganize its board of directors before the next shareholders’ meeting, held annually on October 10.
ブリキの太鼓社は毎年10月10日に行われている次回株主総会前に役員会を再編するつもりだ。
10. Prices for all items at the concession stands at the stadium were increased by 20 percent.
スタジアムの売店の全製品の価格は20%上げられた。
３
1. After all of the missing funds had been accounted for, the bank was able to reopen its doors to the public.
紛失資金全ての説明がなされた後で、その銀行は一般客向けに業務再開ができた。
2. During the trial marketing period, eighty percent of consumers surveyed were delighted with the performance of the product.
試験販売期間中、調査対象の消費者の80%が製品の性能を喜んだ。
3. Please be sure that you turn off the lights, close the windows, and lock the door before you leave.
出る前に必ず電気を消して窓を閉めドアに鍵をかけてください。
4. Please circulate this information to all the employees today or tomorrow, as the program will be implemented next week.
この計画は来週実施されるので今日か明日社員全員にこの情報を回してください。
5. Thousands of beach-goers are expected today, as temperatures will probably get into the mid 90s.
気温が恐らく華氏90度半ばになるので、今日は浜辺に行く人が何千人も出ると予測される。
6. We are particularity interested in establishing relationships with new clients in Japan.
我々は日本の新しい顧客との関係確立に特に興味がある。
7. After much deliberation, the board decided to locate their new corporate headquarters in New York.
長い審議後、役員会は新本社をニューヨークに置くことにした。
8. By making a few changes to the assembly processes, we will be able to significantly increase productivity.
組み立てラインに変更をいくつかすることにより、生産性を相当上げることができるだろう。
9. Investors fear the company’s latest profit warning could have a potentially disastrous effect on the firm’s stock price.
利益に関する最近の会社の警告により会社の株価に潜在的に悲惨な影響があり得ると株主は恐れている。
10. A major department store group has announced that it will close its 10-year-old Canadian subsidiary, leading to the loss of some 900 jobs.
ある大手デパート系列会社は創業10年のカナダの子会社を閉鎖すると発表したが900余名の解雇となるだろう。
４
1. Banasonic Television Company will step up production of wide-screen televisions, starting early next month.
バナソニック・テレビ社は来月初頭開始でワイド・スクリーン・テレビの生産を増大させるだろう。
2. Should Dr. Terayama call while I’m away, please tell him his package will be delivered by the end of the day.
万が一私の外出中に寺山博士から電話があったら、彼宛の小包は今日中に配達される予定だと言って下さい。
3. Last month, after working for 10 years as a reporter, Mr. Proust was appointed to the editorial board of the Lost Times.
レポーターとして10年勤務後、プルースト氏は先月ロスト・タイムスの編集委員に任命された。
4. The health survey was answered by over ninety-five percent of the members of the association.
組合員の95%以上が健康調査に回答した。
5. Average car sales per store were estimated at 3,000 units, up from 2,500 units last fiscal year.
一店舗辺りの平均自動車販売台数は前回の会計年度から2500台上昇して3000台と見積もられた。
6. The manager is on vacation this week but has left a message for you on her desk.
部長は今週休暇中ですが彼女の机の上にあなた宛の伝言を残しています。
7. The German automotive industry is showing signs of a rebound after a dismal fiscal year in 2008.
ドイツ自動車業界は2008年の暗い会計年後立ち直りの兆しを見せている。
8. Gracq Appliances will be hiring 400 new employees in January for its new plant in Syrtes.
グラック・アプライアンス社はシルトの新工場用に1月社員400名を新規採用するだろう。
9. Mark June 19th on your calendars, because that is when the auditors form the consulting service will be paying us a visit.
カレンダーの19日に印をつけてください。この日に相談業務会社の監査員が来訪するからです。
10. The advertising campaign was a huge success, and as a result, the company was unable to keep up with demand for 3 months.
広告キャンペーンは大成功だった。そしてその結果、会社は3ヶ月間需要についてゆくことができなかった。
５
1. A modest rally in stocks continued this week, helped by a forecast that Christmas season sales would be healthy.
クリスマスシーズンの売り上げが健全だろうという予想に助けられ、今週株のわずかな反発が続いた。
2. Please make sure that this package gets to the President by 9 o’clock tomorrow morning before he leaves for Australia.
社長がオーストラリアに向けて出発する前に明日朝9時までにこの小包が必ず届くようにしてください。
3. Due to a slump in advertising revenues, the industry slowdown is expected to continue this year.
広告収入の落ち込みにより、今年は業界の減退が続くと予測されている。
4. The annual demand for the monitors has been estimated at over 1.6 million units in the U.S. market alone.
そのモニターの年間需要はアメリカ市場だけで160万台以上だと見積もられている。
5. Strong consumer spending is seen as a sign of a healthy economy.
堅調な消費者支出は健全な経済の印だとみなされる。
6. We have confidence in our overall sales model, though some aspects of our customer service program could be improved.
消費者サービス計画の何点かは改善の余地があるが、わが社の全体的な販売モデルには自信があります。
7. After opening, please store this medication in a cool, dry and dark place, away form the reach of children.
開封後、本薬剤は子供の手の届かない湿気のない冷暗所に保管してください。
8. The hotel is scheduled to open in the spring of 2011, corresponding to the opening of a new amusement park in the same area.
そのホテルは同地域の新しい遊園地の開園と同時に2011年春にオープンする予定だ。
9. A computer technician will drop by our office at about 3:00 p.m., so please make sure that you are at your desk at that time.
コンピューター技術者が午後3時頃我社の事務所に立ち寄るのでその時は必ず自分の机にいてください。
10. Although we were unable to implement every aspect of the cost-cutting plan, we did manage to save $25,000 by reducing some costs.
コスト削減計画の全ての点を実施することはできなかったが、いくつかのコストを減らすことにより確かに2万5千ドルを何とか節約した。
６
1. This year, our market share is expected to exceed 40 percent for the first time ever.
今年、われわれの市場占有率は初めて40%を超えた。
2. Many of our professional ovens are being used in the kitchens of the world’s finest restaurants.
わが社のプロ用オーブンの多くが世界最高のレストランの厨房で使用されてる。
3. Neither Shinji nor his brother Norio could stop talking about their month-long trip around the world.
伸二も彼の弟典夫も1ヶ月の世界一周旅行の話を止めることができなかった。
4. Investment analyst Reitaro Kada advises his clients to consult him before purchasing gold.
投資分析家の加田怜太郎は彼の顧客に対し、金を購入する前には自分に相談するよう勧めている。
5. We aren’t sure when Ms. Chandler will arrive, but we are certain that she will have a team of assistants with her.
チャンドラー氏がいつ到着するのか分からないが補佐官の一団が一緒にいることは確実だ。
6. As the company president has reminded us, our debts have been substantially reduced, but we still aren’t out of the woods.
社長が我々に思い出させた様に我社の負債は相当減ったが、まだ危機を脱していない。
7. A corporate reorganization plan will cut the company’s tax rate to less than 28 percent and save $43 million over the next two years.
ある会社の再建計画ではその会社の税率を28%未満に下げ今後2年間で430万ドル節約するだろう。
8. The company will have to sell off some oil production assets to meet obligations to its creditors.
その会社は、債権者への義務を果たすために石油生産用資産をいくつか売り渡さなければならないだろう。
9. A lot of companies are going under lately because banks are so tight with their money.
銀行があまりにも貸し渋りをするので最近多数の会社が倒産している。
10. The main delay in the negotiations is due to a disagreement regarding the contractor to be used for construction of the building.
交渉の主な遅れは、そのビルの建設に使われる請負業者に関する意見の不一致のためである。
７
1. The defection of one of our longstanding clients to a rival company was a serious blow, both to our reputation and to our bottom line.
わが社の長年にわたる顧客がライバル社に離反したことはわが社の評判と収支の両方にとって深刻な打撃だった。
2. Are you sure that you are putting sufficient resources into making the negotiations succeed?
交渉を成功させるために十分な資源を投入しているという確信がありますか？
3. I don’t think the marketing team has realistically considered all the costs involved in their advertising plan.
マーケティング・チームが広告計画に関わるコスト全てを現実的に考慮したとは思えない。
4. We have experienced improved profits and cash flow, despite recent reductions in our market share.
最近の市場占有率減少にもかかわらず。わが社は利益と現金の出入りが改善した。
5. A model of the new corporate headquarters was displayed at a press conference.
記者会見で新本社の模型が展示された。
6. XYZ Tragedy, which postponed its plan to open a new production plant in the Detroit area, is concerned the market is nearing saturation.
ＸＹＺの悲劇社は、デトロイト地域に新しい生産工場を置く計画を延期したが、市場が飽和状態に近づいていることを憂慮している。
7. In the coming years, a number of new commercial passenger airplane designs will make their appearance on the world stage.
今後数年内に、相当数の新しい民間旅客機デザインが世界の舞台に登場するだろう。
8. Many of our current marketing strategies, such as discounts and other special pricing strategies, are aimed at capturing market share from our top two competitors.
割引や他の特別価格戦略のようなわが社の現マーケティング戦略の多くが競争相手上位2社から市場占有率を取ることを目標としている。
9. Hinting at the possibility of a merger, the president admitted that the two companies were looking forward to “talking about cooperating together.”
合併の可能性を示唆して、社長は2社が「共に協力することについての話し合い」を楽しみにしていると認めた。
10. Shares for Graham Greene Inc. continued to rise today, despite the fact that the CEO sold one thousand shares of his stock.
最高経営責任者が自分の持ち株千株を売ったという事実にもかかわらず、今日グレアム・グリーン社の株は上がり続けた。
８
1. How often do you think it will be necessary for us to send a representative to our client in Hong Kong?
香港の顧客に代表者を送るのはどれくらいの頻度で必要だと思いますか？
2. Investors got nervous as it became apparent that they might not obtain the expected return from their investments.
予測した投資見返りが得られなさそうであることが明白になるにつれ投資家たちは苛立った。
3. The chairman cannot comment on that issue since it is the subject of an ongoing investigation.
調査中の話題なので会長はその問題についてはコメントできない。
4. As of March 4, more than 80 applications for the new position had been submitted.
3月4日付けでその新しい職への応募書類80%以上が提出されていた。
5. I wonder whether a company as large and traditional as ours can make the rapid changes necessary to survive in this industry.
この業界で生き残るのに必要な急速な変化をすることがわが社のような大きくて伝統のある会社にできるのだろうかと思う。
6. Gérard de Nerval Inc. has accomplished something that no other company has ever done.
ジェラール・ド・ネルヴァル社は他のどの会社もやったことのないことを成し遂げた。
7. The computer malfunction was thought to be insignificant, and the technician stated that it probably would not reoccur.
コンピューターの不調は大したことはないと考えられていた。そして技術者は恐らく再発はないだろうと述べた。
8. Unless there is a sudden change of plans, the annual company picnic will be held at Nakamura Park at 11:00 o’clock as usual.
急な計画変更がない限り、毎年行われる会社のピクニックは通常通り11時に中村公園で行われるでしょう。
9. Mr. Spencer will decide whether the new policy will be implemented this week or next week.
スペンサー氏は新方針の実施が今週か来週なのかを決めるだろう。
10. Competition in the manufacturing sectors of the garment and footwear industries has intensified in recent years.
衣類・履物業界の生産部門の競争は近年激化してきている。
Class Supplement, Fundamental Grammar, Translations of Extra Question Sentences
Lesson 2 時制
1. Ever since ancient times, many cultures have interpreted the appearance of unusual celestial objects, especially comets, as omen that something unexpected―often disastrous―is about to happen.
古代以来、多くの文化が珍しい天体（特に彗星）を何か予期せぬこと―しばしば破壊的なこと―が起ころうとしている前兆と解釈してきた。
2. Salem, Massachusetts was once a world-famous port and center of commerce from China, but is now better known for its persecution of people suspected of witchcraft.
マサチューセッツ州セイラムはかつて世界的に有名な港で中国通商の中心だったが、現在では魔術の嫌疑をかけられた人々を迫害したことでより有名だ。
3. Long after the Eiffel Tower became a popular symbol of modernization, some cites were still building imitations that were much larger.
エッフェル塔が有名な近代化の象徴になってずいぶん経っても依然としてもっと大きい模倣を建設している都市もあった。
4. The canoes used in 19th-century Fiji were different from those of most of the Pacific islands further to the east.
19世紀のフィジーで使用されたカヌーは、もっと東に行った所の大部分の太平洋の島々のカヌーとは異なっていた。
5. For hundreds of millions of years, evolution have equipped many insects with amazing physical, biochemical and visual mechanisms by which to fool predators and prey into behaving in certain ways.
何億年もの間、進化は、それによって捕食動物や獲物をだまして特定の行動をとらせる身体的、生物化学的、視覚的な驚くべき仕掛けで昆虫たちを装備してきた。
6. “Smart cards,” or electronic money, resemble credit cards but contain electronic circuitry that stores financial information.
『スマートカード』（あるいは電子マネー）はクレジットカードに似ているが、財務情報を保存する電子回路が入っている。
7. The increasing sophistication of robotics is making it possible for machinery to do many of the jobs that were previously done with human labor.
どんどん進むロボット工学の精密化により、以前は人間の労働によって行われていた仕事の多くを機械がすることが可能になってきている。
8. Thousands of years have passed since people first discovered they could use agriculture to improve their lives.
生活改善のために農業が使えるということを人が最初に発見してから何千年もたった。
Lesson 3 法
1. We don’t know how the teacher will react. If he says no, what will you do?
先生がどのように反応するかは分かりません。先生がノーと言った場合、どうするつもりですか？
2. We do not know what happened between the teacher and Ken.
What do you think he did if the teacher said no?
先生とケンの間で何があったのか私たちは知りません。
先生がノーと言った場合、ケンはどうしたと思いますか？
3. That teacher always says yes, but if he said no, what would you do?
あの先生はいつもイエスと言いますが、もし先生がノーと言ったとしたらどうしますか？
4. It was lucky that the teacher said yes. If the teacher had said no, what would you have done?
あの先生がイエスと言ったのは幸運でした。もし先生がノーと言っていたとしたらどうしましたか？
5. If the weather had not been so dry on the day of the fire, we would not have lost our auditorium.
火事のあった日あれほど天気が乾燥していなければ、講堂を失いはしなかっただろう。
6. If the computer hadn’t been invented I would be doing this work with scissors and paste now.
コンピューターが発明されなかったら、私は今、はさみと糊でこの仕事をしているだろう。
7. If the meteorological report indicates bad weather, the rocket launch will be delayed.
気象報告が悪天候を示したら、ロケット打ち上げは遅らせられるだろう。
8. If you should be unable to make it to the meeting held this evening, contact us as soon as possible.
今晩行われる会議に万が一行けない場合は、できるだけ早く私たちに連絡しなさい。
9. But for the extremely understanding manager, Tim would have been dismissed long ago.
非常に理解のある部長がいなかったら、ティムはずっと前に解雇されただろう。
10. Would you ask Ms. Moore if she will be at the conference? I have something that I have to talk with her before it starts.
会議に行くかどうかムーアさんに聞いていただけませんか？会議開始前に彼女と話さなければならないことがあるのです。
Lesson 9 関係詞 (1)
1. I have a classmate whose father is a famous climber.
お父さんが有名な登山家の級友がいる。
2. I have a classmate who works in that ice-cream shop.
あのアイスクリーム屋さんで働いている級友がいる。
3. Steve is the student whom everyone considers conservative.
スティーヴは皆が保守的だとみなしている学生だ。
4. Steve is the student with whom I work in the store.
スティーヴは私が店で一緒に働いている学生だ。
5. The man who I thought was his brother turned out to be his father.
私が彼の兄だと思った男性は彼の父親であることが分かった。
6. The man whom I thought to be his brother turned out to be his father.
私が彼の兄だと思った男性は彼の父親であることが分かった。
7. That is the man who the boy says attacked him.
あれが、その少年が自分を襲ったと言っている男だ。
8. The road along which I normally drive to work is closed for repair.
通常私が車を運転して行く道路は修理で閉鎖されている。
9. It is difficult to serve customers whose likes are difficult to ascertain.
好みが突き止めにくいお客に対応するのは難しい。
10. The police are still looking for the tool which the burglar used to break into the office.
事務所に押し入るのに強盗が使った道具を警察はまだ捜している。
11. Do you know the name of the teacher with whom our homeroom teacher was speaking after the class.
授業後に私たちの担任の先生が一緒に話していた先生の名前を知っていますか？
12. I have to go to the place which the committee is planning to use as the venue for the next concert.
次回のコンサート開催地として委員会が使う予定の場所に行かなくてはならない。
13. The scriptwriter whose last play became a billion dollar box-office success has agreed to write another.
最新の劇が十億ドル興行の成功作となった脚本家がもう一作書くことに同意した。
14. The company that we have been negotiating with has suddenly pulled out of the talks.
私たちが交渉していた会社が突然話し合いから手を引いた。
15. The management trainees who started working for the company last week need to undergo a lot of training.
先週会社で働き始めた管理職研修生は多くの研修を経る必要がある。
Lesson 10 関係詞 (2)
1. May is the month which I like the most.
五月は私が最も好きな月だ。
2. That’s the place which the children in this town are afraid of.
あれがこの町の子供が恐れている場所だ。
3. That’s the place where the prince was killed.
あれが、王子が殺された場所です。
4. There are several reasons why I came here.
私がここにきた理由はいくつかあります。
5. There are several reasons which I came here for.
私がここにきた理由はいくつかあります。
6. The reason which she gave me was not satisfying.
彼女が私に言った理由は満足の行くものではなかった。
7. I wish the day would come when everyone on the earth can live happily.
地球上の皆が幸福に暮らせる日が来ると良いと思う。
8. He quietly told her how her husband died.
彼女の夫がどのようにして亡くなったのかを彼は静かに彼女に語った。
9. They could see Mt. Fuji from where their house stood.
彼らの家が建っているところから富士山が見えた。
10. A boy whose brothers are famous athletes is competing in the final.
お兄さんたちが有名なスポーツマンである少年が決勝戦で戦っている。
11. The reasons for which the number of plant species is decreasing in this forest area are various.
この森の植物の種の数が減少している理由は様々だ。
12. It has been decided that there will be a training seminar open to whoever wants to come.
来たい人には誰にでも開かれている研修セミナーが行われることが決まっている。
13. Whomever I ask to do the work, it never gets done properly, so I’d better do it myself.
誰にその仕事をやるように頼んでも決してきちんと行われないので私が自分でやったほうがよさそうだ。
14. For those who want to learn to speak English well, there are classes every Saturday morning.
英語を上手に話すようになりたい人たちのために毎週土曜日の朝に授業がある。
15. The car stopped suddenly, which led to the other cars crashing.
その車が急停車した。それによって他の車が衝突した。
1. Ever since ancient times, many cultures have interpreted the appearance of unusual celestial objects, especially comets, as omen that something unexpected―often disastrous―is about to happen.
古代以来、多くの文化が珍しい天体（特に彗星）を何か予期せぬこと―しばしば破壊的なこと―が起ころうとしている前兆と解釈してきた。
2. Salem, Massachusetts was once a world-famous port and center of commerce from China, but is now better known for its persecution of people suspected of witchcraft.
マサチューセッツ州セイラムはかつて世界的に有名な港で中国通商の中心だったが、現在では魔術の嫌疑をかけられた人々を迫害したことでより有名だ。
3. Long after the Eiffel Tower became a popular symbol of modernization, some cites were still building imitations that were much larger.
エッフェル塔が有名な近代化の象徴になってずいぶん経っても依然としてもっと大きい模倣を建設している都市もあった。
4. The canoes used in 19th-century Fiji were different from those of most of the Pacific islands further to the east.
19世紀のフィジーで使用されたカヌーは、もっと東に行った所の大部分の太平洋の島々のカヌーとは異なっていた。
5. For hundreds of millions of years, evolution have equipped many insects with amazing physical, biochemical and visual mechanisms by which to fool predators and prey into behaving in certain ways.
何億年もの間、進化は、それによって捕食動物や獲物をだまして特定の行動をとらせる身体的、生物化学的、視覚的な驚くべき仕掛けで昆虫たちを装備してきた。
6. “Smart cards,” or electronic money, resemble credit cards but contain electronic circuitry that stores financial information.
『スマートカード』（あるいは電子マネー）はクレジットカードに似ているが、財務情報を保存する電子回路が入っている。
7. The increasing sophistication of robotics is making it possible for machinery to do many of the jobs that were previously done with human labor.
どんどん進むロボット工学の精密化により、以前は人間の労働によって行われていた仕事の多くを機械がすることが可能になってきている。
8. Thousands of years have passed since people first discovered they could use agriculture to improve their lives.
生活改善のために農業が使えるということを人が最初に発見してから何千年もたった。
Lesson 3 法
1. We don’t know how the teacher will react. If he says no, what will you do?
先生がどのように反応するかは分かりません。先生がノーと言った場合、どうするつもりですか？
2. We do not know what happened between the teacher and Ken.
What do you think he did if the teacher said no?
先生とケンの間で何があったのか私たちは知りません。
先生がノーと言った場合、ケンはどうしたと思いますか？
3. That teacher always says yes, but if he said no, what would you do?
あの先生はいつもイエスと言いますが、もし先生がノーと言ったとしたらどうしますか？
4. It was lucky that the teacher said yes. If the teacher had said no, what would you have done?
あの先生がイエスと言ったのは幸運でした。もし先生がノーと言っていたとしたらどうしましたか？
5. If the weather had not been so dry on the day of the fire, we would not have lost our auditorium.
火事のあった日あれほど天気が乾燥していなければ、講堂を失いはしなかっただろう。
6. If the computer hadn’t been invented I would be doing this work with scissors and paste now.
コンピューターが発明されなかったら、私は今、はさみと糊でこの仕事をしているだろう。
7. If the meteorological report indicates bad weather, the rocket launch will be delayed.
気象報告が悪天候を示したら、ロケット打ち上げは遅らせられるだろう。
8. If you should be unable to make it to the meeting held this evening, contact us as soon as possible.
今晩行われる会議に万が一行けない場合は、できるだけ早く私たちに連絡しなさい。
9. But for the extremely understanding manager, Tim would have been dismissed long ago.
非常に理解のある部長がいなかったら、ティムはずっと前に解雇されただろう。
10. Would you ask Ms. Moore if she will be at the conference? I have something that I have to talk with her before it starts.
会議に行くかどうかムーアさんに聞いていただけませんか？会議開始前に彼女と話さなければならないことがあるのです。
Lesson 9 関係詞 (1)
1. I have a classmate whose father is a famous climber.
お父さんが有名な登山家の級友がいる。
2. I have a classmate who works in that ice-cream shop.
あのアイスクリーム屋さんで働いている級友がいる。
3. Steve is the student whom everyone considers conservative.
スティーヴは皆が保守的だとみなしている学生だ。
4. Steve is the student with whom I work in the store.
スティーヴは私が店で一緒に働いている学生だ。
5. The man who I thought was his brother turned out to be his father.
私が彼の兄だと思った男性は彼の父親であることが分かった。
6. The man whom I thought to be his brother turned out to be his father.
私が彼の兄だと思った男性は彼の父親であることが分かった。
7. That is the man who the boy says attacked him.
あれが、その少年が自分を襲ったと言っている男だ。
8. The road along which I normally drive to work is closed for repair.
通常私が車を運転して行く道路は修理で閉鎖されている。
9. It is difficult to serve customers whose likes are difficult to ascertain.
好みが突き止めにくいお客に対応するのは難しい。
10. The police are still looking for the tool which the burglar used to break into the office.
事務所に押し入るのに強盗が使った道具を警察はまだ捜している。
11. Do you know the name of the teacher with whom our homeroom teacher was speaking after the class.
授業後に私たちの担任の先生が一緒に話していた先生の名前を知っていますか？
12. I have to go to the place which the committee is planning to use as the venue for the next concert.
次回のコンサート開催地として委員会が使う予定の場所に行かなくてはならない。
13. The scriptwriter whose last play became a billion dollar box-office success has agreed to write another.
最新の劇が十億ドル興行の成功作となった脚本家がもう一作書くことに同意した。
14. The company that we have been negotiating with has suddenly pulled out of the talks.
私たちが交渉していた会社が突然話し合いから手を引いた。
15. The management trainees who started working for the company last week need to undergo a lot of training.
先週会社で働き始めた管理職研修生は多くの研修を経る必要がある。
Lesson 10 関係詞 (2)
1. May is the month which I like the most.
五月は私が最も好きな月だ。
2. That’s the place which the children in this town are afraid of.
あれがこの町の子供が恐れている場所だ。
3. That’s the place where the prince was killed.
あれが、王子が殺された場所です。
4. There are several reasons why I came here.
私がここにきた理由はいくつかあります。
5. There are several reasons which I came here for.
私がここにきた理由はいくつかあります。
6. The reason which she gave me was not satisfying.
彼女が私に言った理由は満足の行くものではなかった。
7. I wish the day would come when everyone on the earth can live happily.
地球上の皆が幸福に暮らせる日が来ると良いと思う。
8. He quietly told her how her husband died.
彼女の夫がどのようにして亡くなったのかを彼は静かに彼女に語った。
9. They could see Mt. Fuji from where their house stood.
彼らの家が建っているところから富士山が見えた。
10. A boy whose brothers are famous athletes is competing in the final.
お兄さんたちが有名なスポーツマンである少年が決勝戦で戦っている。
11. The reasons for which the number of plant species is decreasing in this forest area are various.
この森の植物の種の数が減少している理由は様々だ。
12. It has been decided that there will be a training seminar open to whoever wants to come.
来たい人には誰にでも開かれている研修セミナーが行われることが決まっている。
13. Whomever I ask to do the work, it never gets done properly, so I’d better do it myself.
誰にその仕事をやるように頼んでも決してきちんと行われないので私が自分でやったほうがよさそうだ。
14. For those who want to learn to speak English well, there are classes every Saturday morning.
英語を上手に話すようになりたい人たちのために毎週土曜日の朝に授業がある。
15. The car stopped suddenly, which led to the other cars crashing.
その車が急停車した。それによって他の車が衝突した。
2011年4月6日水曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
229. 2011/04/06 Slept 4.5 or 5 hours. Remember several electric shocks on the head and fingers, to which they caused fits, before and after sleep. Some of the shocks synced with hitting noises on the wall and ceiling. The noises occurred in many places but all seemed to be in the upper part of walls and the ceiling.
Had a class to teach at 11:00 a.m., so got up at 7:30. On the way to and back from the destination (Shibuya), some people, mostly male office workers, harassed me like the way many used to, like bumping into my back repeatedly with dilated pupils, standing right next to me, who was sitting, with their lower body sticking out toward me, rushing to me or passing me almost brushing my body when there is enough space, with strange expressions and evil eyes and smiles. I had to get off the train once to escape from them. When I got off, I realized only the car I was in was very crowded. Although the degree and frequency has come down dramatically these days, especially after the mega-quake, there are still abusers who seem to be enjoying harassing me “in corporation with others,” one of the phrases I was often made to hear or read by people who never failed to do so with mean and strangely triumphant expressions when this bullying was worst and never these days.
When I am writing this at 21:51 on my computer, a continuous sound that is like a metal hitting the wall can be heard from behind the wall next to my PC.
Had a class to teach at 11:00 a.m., so got up at 7:30. On the way to and back from the destination (Shibuya), some people, mostly male office workers, harassed me like the way many used to, like bumping into my back repeatedly with dilated pupils, standing right next to me, who was sitting, with their lower body sticking out toward me, rushing to me or passing me almost brushing my body when there is enough space, with strange expressions and evil eyes and smiles. I had to get off the train once to escape from them. When I got off, I realized only the car I was in was very crowded. Although the degree and frequency has come down dramatically these days, especially after the mega-quake, there are still abusers who seem to be enjoying harassing me “in corporation with others,” one of the phrases I was often made to hear or read by people who never failed to do so with mean and strangely triumphant expressions when this bullying was worst and never these days.
When I am writing this at 21:51 on my computer, a continuous sound that is like a metal hitting the wall can be heard from behind the wall next to my PC.
2011年4月5日火曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
228. 2011/04/05 The noise of computer game/car engine and electric shocks kept me awake till 1:00 a.m. although I went into bed around 23:30. I drank hot milk and probably in 20 minutes I fell asleep. At around 5:00 a.m., I was woken up by the same noise, read for a while and prevented from sleeping again first by the noise and later by electric shocks, one of which caused a rather big fit that made my head and body move down towards my feet and comeback to the first position in a second. I think I fell asleep again around 7:00. I woke up later around 10:00 but I remember waking up once and realizing my eyes seeing flashes of light blinking and the noises in my head were wavy and loud and noises outside were also loud, all of them in the same rhythm and alternating in half a second.
While I was working at home, mainly reading, I felt funny in the brain. It was king of a ticklish feeling. Also, my eardrums hurt. The same kind of car blasts were heard, which were not very loud but gave pain to my eardrums, so I wore earmuffs.
While I was working at home, mainly reading, I felt funny in the brain. It was king of a ticklish feeling. Also, my eardrums hurt. The same kind of car blasts were heard, which were not very loud but gave pain to my eardrums, so I wore earmuffs.
2011年4月4日月曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
227. 2011/04/04 Went to bed around 12:30 midnight and woken up by a noise that was like a computer game/car blast around 4:30 a.m. Put on ear muffs and then the noise became louder, the noise was like an engine sound of a car that was driving a wavy highway.
Now the time is 14:45. I have worked for about two hours and now I have the feeling of concussion. I do not remember if I had it when woke up. I remember staggering a couple hours at work before I went to bed probably because of extreme sleep deprivation.
Now the time is 14:45. I have worked for about two hours and now I have the feeling of concussion. I do not remember if I had it when woke up. I remember staggering a couple hours at work before I went to bed probably because of extreme sleep deprivation.
2011年4月3日日曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
226. 2011/04/03 Again after the previous record, I lay for about 2.5 hours (15:50 -18:20) but I do not know if I slept or not, for electric shocks kept coming, one of which went through my body from the top of my head to my left leg, making it have a big fit.
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
225. 2011/04/03 After the previous record, and after incessant strong stubbing electric shocks in my brain for an hour or so, I slept probably about two hours until woken up by a very strong fit of my whole body following a very strong shock on the head which was like a blow with a rock on the head about 9:30 p.m. I saw flashes blinking quickly when closed my eyes for hours till now (15:06) and I realize the noises in my head seem now normal while when and tens of minutes after I woke up they were pretty loud. I do not know exactly when they became quieter as I have been working since I woke up again.
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
224. 2011/04/03 After the last record, I worked and finished an e-school correspondence course coaching. While doing it, I kept feeling needle-like sensation in my fingers and the funny vibrating feeling of my teeth persisted. Now it is 6:17 a.m. and I am going to try to sleep again.
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
223. 2011/04/03 Went to bed around 1:00 a.m. and kept awake till a little before 4:00 a.m. a.m. by a low frequency noise whose vibration reached even through earmuffs. Also, small vibrating flashes in my eye and funny vibrating feeling of my teeth corresponded with the noise and still exist after the noise is gone, which stopped with a loud blast of a real car and/or automobile blasts when I gave up sleeping and got up.
Now at 4:12, the noise started again. I am going to put on earmuffs and work.
Now at 4:12, the noise started again. I am going to put on earmuffs and work.
2011年4月2日土曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
222. 〈When I booted up my PC to add the last paragraph of my last record and up-load these last records, I again felt someone there behind the wall next to my PC. I also think I felt something like “spirit going down” when I switched on my PC.〉
2011/04/02 Went to bed a little after 12:00 midnight. Experienced a few electric shocks that went through my brain. At 8:00 a.m., I was woken up by small geometric patterns alternatively appearing every half a second to which a noise of the same rate which sounded like a computer game or a car engine accompanied. While I stayed in my blanket and was about to sleep again, a strong shock came to my brain. Also, my left-hand thumb, which happened to be the only free finger while others were under either my belly or leg, moved quickly as something like chuckle came from behind the loft wall. When I was brushing my teeth after getting up a little after 9:00, I heard people moving in the next room and a car engine start. I feel heavy in the center of my brain and have a funny feeling as if my front teeth making fine vibrations.
I have had around 8 hours of sleep almost every day since I had a contact with my old acquaintance. But the fundamental problem has not gone; I have been assaulted with electric shocks. Also, those shocks never allow me to sleep more than eight hours. I remember I used to tell people around me that I need to sleep 10 hours to function fully before these sleep deprivation started.
2011/04/02 Went to bed a little after 12:00 midnight. Experienced a few electric shocks that went through my brain. At 8:00 a.m., I was woken up by small geometric patterns alternatively appearing every half a second to which a noise of the same rate which sounded like a computer game or a car engine accompanied. While I stayed in my blanket and was about to sleep again, a strong shock came to my brain. Also, my left-hand thumb, which happened to be the only free finger while others were under either my belly or leg, moved quickly as something like chuckle came from behind the loft wall. When I was brushing my teeth after getting up a little after 9:00, I heard people moving in the next room and a car engine start. I feel heavy in the center of my brain and have a funny feeling as if my front teeth making fine vibrations.
I have had around 8 hours of sleep almost every day since I had a contact with my old acquaintance. But the fundamental problem has not gone; I have been assaulted with electric shocks. Also, those shocks never allow me to sleep more than eight hours. I remember I used to tell people around me that I need to sleep 10 hours to function fully before these sleep deprivation started.
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
221. 2011/03/28 Flashes in my eyes several times when falling asleep on the night of 27th. Slept 5 + 3 hours. When leaving home around 12:00 noon, a man in a hardhat and uniform was looking at me from the other side of the street and a few other people who seemed to be neighbors were standing several meters away from him, looking at me with worried expressions, and a few meters away from them was a heavy machine for fixing power line problems. Considering the season, a couple of crows might have made a nest on the power post. But I don’t know and neither have I got any idea of why they had to look at me with worried expressions, which is better than vicious expressions I have been forced to see over the last 8 years or so of course.
2011/03/29 Slept 5 + 3 hours. Noises in my head were very loud when I woke up early and late in the morning. When I put my head to different place, it seemed that the noise became less loud for a while. Do not remember any electric shock type assaults.
2011/03/30 Slept 5 hours. Very strong electric shock attacks some of which caused a big fit of my whole body before falling asleep last night. Took a 2.5-hour nap in the afternoon. When woke up, I felt a strange sensation that my head had been pushed from all sides. When working around, I felt a person moving behind the wall near the computer.: On Sunday (27th) and yesterday, while working on my computer for hours, I sometimes felt strange vibration on my head, which I tried to ignore as the vibration of the computer but today I realized there is no such vibration―as I am typing this, I do not feel it. I remember wearing earmuffs as I felt pain on my eardrums at some point on Sunday and/or yesterday. (I remembered this because right now I had the same pain as of 21:33 2011/03/30. This happened when I was going over TOEIC grammar quizzes I am going to use on Saturday. After the last sentence I worked for about an hour with earmuffs and then felt like I had a concussion when I was doing daily routines.)
2011/03/31 5 + 3 hours of sleep. Several electric shocks, the first of which made my jaws shut suddenly and teeth clash and another of which made my whole body have a fit.
2011/04/01 Almost continuous 5 + 3 hours of sleep. Some fits that seemed to have been caused by electric shocks when falling asleep. When woke up in the morning, the noises in my head were loud, felt pressure on the brain, and felt like I had been hit lightly on the head all night.
After working on my computer for an e-school correspondence course for 3 hours, I felt the same sensation like concussion and pain in the ear drums. Also, again there was a movement of a person behind the wall near my computer. After working away from my computer, which was on all the time, the sensation was gone.
When washing the dishes after dinner around 23:40, I heard big footsteps approach my apartment and the next apartment door bang open and closed. Later, while brushing my teeth, I heard an excited, odd high male voice. I hope I will be able to sleep enough tonight because tomorrow I have two different classes at two different places, in Shibuya and in Yotsuya, one of which is a substitution class.
ｌ
2011/03/29 Slept 5 + 3 hours. Noises in my head were very loud when I woke up early and late in the morning. When I put my head to different place, it seemed that the noise became less loud for a while. Do not remember any electric shock type assaults.
2011/03/30 Slept 5 hours. Very strong electric shock attacks some of which caused a big fit of my whole body before falling asleep last night. Took a 2.5-hour nap in the afternoon. When woke up, I felt a strange sensation that my head had been pushed from all sides. When working around, I felt a person moving behind the wall near the computer.: On Sunday (27th) and yesterday, while working on my computer for hours, I sometimes felt strange vibration on my head, which I tried to ignore as the vibration of the computer but today I realized there is no such vibration―as I am typing this, I do not feel it. I remember wearing earmuffs as I felt pain on my eardrums at some point on Sunday and/or yesterday. (I remembered this because right now I had the same pain as of 21:33 2011/03/30. This happened when I was going over TOEIC grammar quizzes I am going to use on Saturday. After the last sentence I worked for about an hour with earmuffs and then felt like I had a concussion when I was doing daily routines.)
2011/03/31 5 + 3 hours of sleep. Several electric shocks, the first of which made my jaws shut suddenly and teeth clash and another of which made my whole body have a fit.
2011/04/01 Almost continuous 5 + 3 hours of sleep. Some fits that seemed to have been caused by electric shocks when falling asleep. When woke up in the morning, the noises in my head were loud, felt pressure on the brain, and felt like I had been hit lightly on the head all night.
After working on my computer for an e-school correspondence course for 3 hours, I felt the same sensation like concussion and pain in the ear drums. Also, again there was a movement of a person behind the wall near my computer. After working away from my computer, which was on all the time, the sensation was gone.
When washing the dishes after dinner around 23:40, I heard big footsteps approach my apartment and the next apartment door bang open and closed. Later, while brushing my teeth, I heard an excited, odd high male voice. I hope I will be able to sleep enough tonight because tomorrow I have two different classes at two different places, in Shibuya and in Yotsuya, one of which is a substitution class.
ｌ
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