Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/30 (Wed) Slept from 1:00-6:30 (5.5 hrs). Do not remember any shocks or fits. No eye fatigue. No funny feelings in my teeth or brain.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/28 (Mon) Slept from1:00-5:00 + 5:30-10:30 (4 + 5 hrs). A medium shock from below when going to sleep. The game/car-like noise woke me up around 5:00. Electric shocks and fits of my legs, shoulder, arms, and hands.

2011/11/29 (Tue) Slept from 2:00-3:00 + 4:00-10:00 (1 + 6 hrs). At least some weak shocks to lower head.

WikiLeaks Wins Major Australian Journalism Prize

WikiLeaks Wins Major Australian Journalism Prize
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fI9tcRJ7shI&feature=channel_video_title

Note:　 Occupy Everywhere: Michael Moore - Nation Panel Nov. 24
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDjNY43FtNE&feature=channel_video_title

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/25 (Fri) Only slept probably 2-4 hours because of incessant electric shocks and noises all night, till morning.

Went to bed around 3:00 when I could hear loud noises from the highway which is 80 meters from my place but which is usually not so loud at odd hours. I put ear plugs and used a pot to cover my head, but got electric shocks between ears and my arms and legs had fits many times. Also, there were funny feelings in my leg all the time.

I may have slept a little when a game-like noise woke me up at 6:00. The noise was much louder and fast than usual. It went doh doh doh doh doh doh doh doh, like the organ sound of Highway Star, and had tones which went high and low. It was loud enough to be recorded, do I got up and picked up my mobile to see if it has a recording function, but the noise stopped. I went to the bathroom and came back and heard the same noise. At 6:30, I tried to sleep again, when blasts of cars and automobiles started and the game noise became louder. I put on earmuffs and got the electric shocks. My memo says I was awake till 7:00.

I gave up sleeping and tried to get up once, but too sleepy to do so and sank into futon again. My memo says I was “half-asleep” for a while, during which I experienced a big electric shock which seemed to come from outside and several small electric shocks to my ear, a few fits of hands and legs, and then it seems that I fell asleep. When I woke up next, it was 14:00. I had an eye sore and my eyes were flashy. I got up quickly and got ready for work.

I had the funny feelings in my head and teeth when I was cooking breakfast, washing the dishes, and, later, after taking a shower, drying my hair.

2011/11/26 (Sat) Slept from 2:30 - 6:00 - 9:00 (3.5 + 3 hrs). A very strong electric shock to my head shook my head sideways. It was a fit. I heard a noise which sounded like Goh from the next room. I think I also head some chuckling without voices accompanying the Goh and the electric shock and the fit of my head.

While I was in class in Yotsuya, the game/car-blast-like noise was faintly heard several times around 17:45. Every time the noise ended with a car-blast. (I could hear it because students were having a test and the class was very quiet.)

2011/11/27 (Sun) Slept from 2:00-3:00 + 3:30-10:00 (1 + 6.5 hrs). Put rubber globs under my head when I used a pot to cover my head, but the very strong shock caused a big fit which shook my head sideways in small strong vibrations. It was like I was electrocuted or shot in the back of my head. I took off the pot and slept. When I woke up around 3:00, geometric pattern were seen in my eyes and the patters were waving in sync with the game-like noise.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/25 & 26 (Fri +Sat) Disturbed sleep almost all night. I will write the detail tomorrow.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/24 (Thu) Slept from 2:00-7:18 + 7:30-12:00 (5 + 4.5 hrs). At 7:18, blinking geometric patterns in my eyes in sync with the game-like noise woke me up at 7:18. The pot was off of my head. Took medicine ant went back to sleep with the pot. Went to Funabashi to teach a private lesson in the evening. From today till Monday, I go out everyday to teach except for Sunday, when I take TOEIC.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/23 (Wed) Slept from 2:30-8:30 + 8:50-10:50 (6 + 2 hrs). Do not remember any shocks or fits when going to sleep. Got a weak shock to my head when I had woken up but sitting on the mattress looking down with my head covered with my hands.

Funny feelings in my head and teeth while preparing breakfast. Dull pain and fatigue in the back of my eyes around 13:30 even though I had not used them intensively (no reading or using the Internet).

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/22 (Tue) Slept from 1:30-7:30 + 8:00-11:-00 (6 + 3 hrs). Right after I went to bed, a shock to my lower head and upper chest causing a fit there. A few weak shocks to the ear which was not protected by the pot. The game-like noise when going to sleep. A shock to my head when I was sitting with my face down after 11:00. Funny feelings when I was cooking and eating breakfast and washing the dishes, but not when I was washing the dish cloth.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（４）今もやられていることー補足

私に嫌がらせをする人としない人の数の比率が逆転してきている。（定時にいつも行っている場所かどうかによるが）半年から1年前は9対1だったのが今は1対9になっている。
I have been writing people do not bother/harass me so much as before over the past ten days or so. It is true, I felt that again all day while I was out today. The ratio of those who harass me and those who do not is now reversed, like from 9 to 1 to 1 to 9. The first time I made sure of it was on Thursday two weeks ago, when I was riding a train back home from Funabashi. I was standing in the rear of the last car and all the other people were either sleeping or looking down except for one middle aged man in a suit who kept staring at me sitting close to the other end of the car. Before, probably till several months ago or a year ago, depending on whether I am at a place where I go on a regular basis at the same hours or not, the ratio was opposite, all people looking at me except for one or two.　 (2011/11/21)

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（４）今もやられていることー補足

私に嫌がらせをする人としない人の数の比率が逆転してきている。（定時にいつも行っている場所かどうかによるが）半年から1年前は9対1だったのが今は1対9になっている。
I have been writing people do not bother/harass me so much as before over the past ten days or so. It is true, I felt that again all day while I was out today. The ratio of those who harass me and those who do not is now reversed, like from 9 to 1 to 1 to 9. The first time I made sure of it was on Thursday two weeks ago, when I was riding a train back home from Funabashi. I was standing in the rear of the last car and all the other people were either sleeping or looking down except for one middle aged man in a suit who kept staring at me sitting close to the other end of the car. Before, probably till several months ago or a year ago, depending on whether I am at a place where I go on a regular basis at the same hours or not, the ratio was opposite, all people looking at me except for one or two.　 (2011/11/21)

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/21 (Mon) Slept from 2:00-8:00 (6 hrs). Put the steel pot sideways when I put it over my head to cover the almost all its side facing the next room. I felt some heavy vibrations on one spot of the pot once or twice, but I did not feel any electric shocks. I do not remember having a fit either.

Went to a dentist to see if one of my back teeth which cracked one and a half years ago has a problem or not, which did not. Spent three hours at the fast-food restaurant at the station, and took a round trip walking to the next station for exercise because I hadn’t moved my body well for about a week because of the no-regular—lesson-week schedule and a cancellation of private lesson.

After taking out things for recycling in front of my apartment building in the evening, unsure if I had locked the door, I hopped the yard in three steps and jumped on to the second or the third step of the stairs, for the first time in years, I mean me moving my body this way. I have been afraid of doing this because of sleep deprivation.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/20 (Sun) Slept from 1:30-7:30 + 8:30-11:00 (6 + 2..5 hrs). Slept with a pot covering the upper half of my head. I felt electric shocks and fits, one of which moved my hands placed over my futon above my stomach, but did not feel so tired when woke up. I Eyes were not so tired, either. Around 14:46, I was ironing my shirts and my eyes became flashy that felt slightly like pulse. I put a steel bowl on my head and the sensation was gone.

Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, How to use a large donation of money to your school

☆Writing Topic
Imagine that the school you attend has received a large donation of money. If you had the power to decide how to spend this money, how would you choose to use the money? Offer specific reasons to explain your response.

☆Let’s Think
Reading this question, you might say to yourself, “This question is a piece of cake. I could use the money for the drama club I belong to. Building a theater would be a good idea. I have a lot to write about.” But are you really answering the question well enough by this choice? Would you do the same if the money were given to your family and, for some reason, your family left you how to use the money? You would not think of installing a set of new equipment for your own project that would never benefit the whole family. The same should be true with this question. The large amount of money donated to your school is for the benefit of the whole school, not for a specific part of it.

The usage of the money should be something that benefits the whole school either directly or indirectly. It can be for the improvement of the thing that already exists or it can be something that does not exist. Here are some things that can be the hint for the needs you could write about:
1. facilities: library, computer room, laboratory, gymnasium, cafeteria
2. system: exchange students program, scholarship
3. environment: buildings, surrounding areas, trees and lawns

Now let’s ask ourselves some questions about the needs and answer them.

1. Problem: What is wrong?
e.g. Many students cannot afford home stay. Also, even for students who can afford it, it consumes a lot of time and energy.




2. Goal: What should be done?
e. g. I would set up a fund for a domestic home stay program. Through the program, students stay at homes of native speakers of English who are staying in Japan.




3. Expected Benefits: How will it benefit my school?
e.g. The financial burden would be lighter, and in case something goes wrong, adjustment can be done more quickly and easily than the case of real home stay..



☆Sample Essay
Writing for the TOEFL iBT, p. 331, Barron’s
Our school has many needs, but I think the best way to spend a gift of money is on new classroom equipment. Our school is old. We don’t have enough desks and chairs for all the students and our classroom furniture is out of repair. If we buy new equipment, the students will feel better and want to work hard. The community will take pride in our school. New equipment will last a long time, so we will feel the benefit of the gift for many years.

It is hard for students to study when there aren’t enough chares in the classroom. It is hard for them to use old, broken blackboards. It is hard when there aren’t good bookshelves and cabinets to organize the classroom supplies. With new equipment, students will feel like school is a nice place to be. They will feel like the teachers care about them. They will be motivated to study harder and do the best job they can.

It is hard for the community to feel proud of a school that looks old and broken. If members of the community visit the school and see new classroom equipment, they might feel better about the school. They might say, “This school has improved, and we can improve it more.” They might be motivated to contribute money and volunteer time to further improve the school. Every school is better when community members become involved. New equipment can help motivate them.

We could spend the gift money on educational trips for the students. We could spend it on supplies such as paper and pencils or on books. All these things are important for education, but they don’t last. Students this year will benefit, but students five years from now won’t. Classroom equipment, on the other hand, lasts many years. If we spend the money on equipment, students will benefit for many years to come.

New classroom equipment will motivate both students and community members to improve their participation in school. Everyone will benefit from new equipment now and in the future as well. Therefore, I think this is one of the best ways we can spend a gift of money to our school.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/19 (Sat) Slept from 0:00-4:00 + 5:30-10:00 (4 + 4.5 hrs). Again slept with a pot. Although shocks were felt and fits occurred, I did not have much after-concussion sensations when I woke up, which I usually do when I feel strong shocks. Several strong shocks and a fit when trying to sleep around 0:00. No noise when woke up around 4:00. Shocks and fits when trying to sleep again after 5:15: after incessant strong shocks to my head, especially between ears, a strong shock and fit accompanied by a Goh noise to my waist and butt, and then a big fit to my hands placed on my belly. I took off my futon and blanket off my upper body. After that, fits got round from my right hand placed on my belly to my right arm, right shoulder, left shoulder, left arm, and to my left hand placed on my belly. I placed my futon back on my body, and the cycle repeated again or a few times. When woke up, I had a little feeling of after concussion.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/18 (Fri) Slept from 1:30-5:30 + 5:40-11:40 (4 + 6 hrs). Feeling of concussion and funny feeling in teeth before going to bed after using PC and watching the YouTube animal videos for about 20 minutes. Remembering that an aluminum bowl stopped the funny feeling while cooking in the evening, I tried a large thick stew pot when going to bed. The pot covered the upper half of my head. I felt shocks but I felt that they did not hit the center of my brain. Also, I had no fits or at least do not remember having fits. Even very strong shocks did not cause me see geometric patterns or flashes, which often accompany strong shocks.

I remember I was snoring in the middle of the sleep between 1:30 and 5:30. A noise that sounded like a game/car woke me up around 5:30. Went to the bathroom and took a cold medicine and went to sleep again. And I fell asleep in no time, although I felt very strong shocks. One of them and the first one came below and hit my right ear, which was under my head – I was sleeping sideways, with the right hand side down.

I had a very sound sleep in both cycles, and felt good when woke up and all day. I am starting to have the funny feelings in my head again now, after typing in this record.

Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, Children and Chores -rewritten-)

☆Writing Topic
Consider the following statement. It is important for children to be required to help with household work as soon as they are old enough to know how to help their parents with the tasks that must be done around the house. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Support your response by including specific reasons and examples.

☆Let’s Think
Note the condition at the end of the sentence, “as soon as they are old enough to know how to help their parents with the tasks that must be done around the house”. This excludes the case in which the assigned household work is so hard that it stunts the growth of the child.

☆Hints for Points
1. They can learn basic skills to lead a daily life.
2. Chores are good for the emotional development of children because they can acquire patience, a sense of independence, a sense of responsibility, and self-esteem.
3. Doing chores will also help physical and intellectual development. Trying to do chores well can train children’s body and brain.
4. Of course playing and studying is necessary, but then chores are probably the best educational tool.

Essay for Ideas and Expressions
As long as they are not exploited, it is good for children to help with household chores as soon as they are old enough to do them. Doing chores helps children’s development in many aspects.
Unfortunately, because of poverty or negligence, many children on this planet are still forced to help with household work at the expense of other important activities they need to go through for their development such as playing and studying. Purpose of having children do chores should be part of their education.
Assigning chores commensurate with their abilities is quite beneficial in helping children become independent. They can learn basic skills to lead a daily life such as making beds, cleaning, and cooking. There is no denying that having these skills will make their lives much easier in the future than not having them. It is parents’ responsibility to teach their children these skills so that they can function well in society.
Chores are good for the emotional development of children. Acquiring patience, sense of independence, sense of responsibility, and sense of bond with others are just a few of the good emotional effects doing chores has on them. Chores will give children good work ethic and natural joy of doing tasks by using their body and mind. As long as it does not make children feel taken advantage of, doing chores will help children’s emotional development.
Doing chores will also help physical and intellectual development. Households involve various small tasks which require various physical and intellectual efforts. Thinking of better ways and carrying them out can develop children’s body and brain. Dish washing, for example, can be done quickly and economically if planned well and done neatly. Of course playing and studying is necessary for their education, but then chores appropriate for the age and assigned for a fraction of their leisure time are probably the best tools for their education, for they are part of reality, which should be the starting point of good education.
Assigning children chores will help their emotional, mental, and physical development, as well as giving them basic skills of daily life unless it interferes with other crucial activities for growth.


☆To write more
You might have noticed that the ideas in Hints for Points are expressed in longer sentences in Essay for Ideas and Expressions. For example, “… chores are probably the best educational tool” had become “chores appropriate for the age and assigned for a fraction of their leisure time are probably the best educational tool”. It is true that writing extremely long, complicated sentences is not good, but adding enough information to a sentence to express your idea as accurately as possible is good, and sentences with enough necessary details will make your essay long enough as a result.

To increase the volume of your essay, …
1) describe/develop the main idea well: If a paragraph has only one or two sentences, chances are that you have not described/developed well enough. Make sure that each paragraph has its main idea, supporting details (examples), conclusion, and additional supporting details like counter-argument treatment if necessary.
2) describe/develop each sentence well: A statement usually has some exception or needs some condition or concession. Look for a sentence that you can add a reason, condition, concession, or any other additional information, and add “except …”, “as long as …”, “although …”, etc.
3) describe words well: Which of the following sentences gives a clear picture of someone’s pet? A) I have a pet. B) I have a cute cat. C) I have a little fluffy kitten. With two adjectives and a specific noun, Sentence C) depicts an adorable pet well and it happens to be the longest of the three.
4) discuss other choices: Even if the Writing Topic does not say, “Discuss the two views” or “Compare and contrast the choices,” you can write about other choices. Doing so will make your essay more convincing and longer. Make sure that you do not digress.
5) take up counter-arguments if necessary: While you are writing, sometimes a counter-argument, “Well, but what about this case?” comes up to your mind. Then it is better not to ignore it but take it up and give a counter-counter-argument or two. By doing so, you can confirm your argument. If you can do it well, you will get a high score.

The key to remember is to try to put what you want to say into words as accurately as you can. Then you cannot help adding some more words and sentences, and some more... In the end, your essay will have many words.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

I have been going out and stay at the station fast-food restaurant by day except for the day I have classes to stay away from my neighbor.

I realized that it is good for my mental health to stay among people as much as possible now that not so many people bother me. I have kept to myself for a very long time.

2011/11/14 (Mon) Slept from 3:00-7:00 + 8:00-11:00 (4 + 3 hrs). The noise that sound like a game/car, ticklish sensations in my legs, and incessant electric shocks to my head while I was trying to sleep from 2:00-3:00. Woken up by a strong shock to my head around 7:21.

2011/11/15 (Tue) Slept from 2:00-9:00 (7 hrs). A few electric shocks to my head when going to sleep.

2011/11/16 (Wed) Slept from 2:00-8:00 (6 hrs). A few electric shocks to my head, one of which causing a big fit of my leg.

2011/11/17 (Thu) Slept from 12:30-4:00 + 5:00-9:00 (3.5 +4 hrs) Several shocks to my head when trying to sleep. At 4:00, the game-like noise clearly from the next room, which stopped when I got up, and later, when I came back from the bathroom, the noise seemed to come from outside. It hurt my ears and I wore earmuffs, which later I took off because of the electric shocks which felt as if they were shooting between my ears. Once, a fit of my uncle made my right foot, which was outside of my futon, stretch, making my toe pointing straight to the opposite direction of my head.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

I have been going out and stay at the station fast-food restaurant by day except for the day I have classes to stay away from my neighbor.

I realized that it is good for my mental health to stay among people as much as possible now that not so many people bother me. I have kept myself for a very long time.

2011/11/14 (Mon) Slept from 3:00-7:00 + 8:00-11:00 (4 + 3 hrs). The noise that sound like a game/car, ticklish sensations in my legs, and incessant electric shocks to my head while I was trying to sleep from 2:00-3:00. Woken up by a strong shock to my head around 7:21.

2011/11/15 (Tue) Slept from 2:00-9:00 (7 hrs). A few electric shocks to my head when going to sleep.

2011/11/16 (Wed) Slept from 2:00-8:00 (6 hrs). A few electric shocks to my head, one of which causing a big fit of my leg.

2011/11/17 (Thu) Slept from 12:30-4:00 + 5:00-9:00 (3.5 +4 hrs) Several shocks to my head when trying to sleep. At 4:00, the game-like noise clearly from the next room, which stopped when I got up, and later, when I came back from the bathroom, the noise seemed to come from outside. It hurt my ears and I wore earmuffs, which later I took off because of the electric shocks which felt as if they were shooting between my ears.

Funny feeling in my teeth and brain when I was frying fish around 6:00, which stopped when I put an aluminum bowl on my head.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/12 (Sat) Slept from 1:30-5:30 + 7:30-9:30 (4 + 2 hrs) Electric shocks when going to sleep and waking up. Woken up by one of the shocks around 5:30 and kept attacked when trying to sleep again. Very sleepy all day. Blinking lights in sight when looked at a dark place. Difficult to read because of this eye problem.

2011/11/13 (Sun) Slept from 3:00-8:00 (5 hrs). ≪Tried to sleep in vain between 8:00-11:00 being attacked ≫ Very strong electric shocks to head and leg accompanied by a sound that went Goh almost each time. One of them made me huff. While trying to sleep again in the morning, I also experienced attacks all the time even while I was not lying but sitting with my upper body bent down covering my face with my hands. Most of the attacks caused fits of my limbs and moved my head. In my perception, they are different from natural fits that often occur when falling asleep or during sleep. The reason is that I feel shocks and hear sounds at the same time most of the time, and those sensations are like those from outside.

Funny feelings in my teeth and head since I woke up till now at 15:01.
I will go out. I want to stay away from my neighbor.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/12 (Sat) Slept from 1:30-5:30 + 7:30-9:30 (4 + 2 hrs) Electric shocks when going to sleep and waking up. Woken up by one of the shocks around 5:30 and kept attacked when trying to sleep again. Very sleepy all day. Blinking lights in sight when looked at a dark place. Difficult to read because of this eye problem.

2011/11/13 (Sun) Slept from 3:00-8:00 (5 hrs). ≪Tried to sleep in vain between 8:00-11:00 being attacked ≫ Very strong electric shocks to head and leg accompanied by a sound that went Goh almost each time. One of them made me huff. While trying to sleep again in the morning, I also experienced attacks all the time even while I was not lying but sitting with my upper body bent down covering my face with my hands. Most of the attacks caused fits of my limbs and moved my head. In my perception, they are different from natural fits that often occur when falling asleep or during sleep. The reason is that I feel shocks and hear sounds at the same time most of the time, and those sensations are like those from outside.

I will go out. I want to stay away from my neighbor.

Class Supplement (上智国際教養 2）

Lesson 2
Reading 　各段落の要旨
結婚規則
1. 結婚相手の選択に関する規則　● 異族婚　● 同族婚
2. 近親者－Ｘ（異族婚）、やや遠い親族－Ｏ、非常に遠い親戚や外部の人－∆ /Ｘ（同族婚）
3. 北米－異族婚　いとこより遠縁、同民族・人種・宗教・社会経済背景・年齢推奨
4. 全文化の30％－いとこ推奨　南アジア、中東
ベドウィン族－父方のいとこ（父方のおじの娘）
5. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　＝母、おば、姉妹以外の最も血のつながりが近い女性
6. 　　　　　　　　拡大家族の結束、外部疎遠、社会的政治的状況により例外有
7. 　ヤナマモ・インディアン－互いの妹同士と結婚→次世代　交差いとこ（父方のおばの娘）
8. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　両方の系列の交差いとこ→親族の結束
配偶者数
1. 北米・ヨーロッパ－一夫一婦
2. 　　北米・大型先進国－離婚・死別後再婚可 (ギリシャ－未亡人再婚不可)
3. 北米・ヨーロッパ以外－複婚（一夫多妻・一妻多夫 ）
4. 　　● 一夫多妻　ムスリム教国、東アフリカ遊牧民、西アフリカ王国
子孫多、男性の格が上がる、必ずしも女性迫害にあたらない
5. 　　　　　　ケニアのツルカナ族－女性が一夫多妻歓迎、家事労働減、女性の結束
6. 　　● 一妻多夫　稀　厳しい環境の社会、南アジア、中央アジアの小規模農村社会　
7. 　　　　兄弟で共通の妻、経済的利点、女性の家事労働増
8. 問題点　一夫一婦制－夫婦間の不和・親子間の嫉妬
9. 　　　　一夫多妻制－妻の間の嫉妬→別居＋ランク付け、姉妹で共通の夫
　　　　　　　　　　　　子供の間の嫉妬－相続→第１ランクの妻の第一子相続
10. 　　　　一妻多夫制－夫間・子供間の母親をめぐる嫉妬
珍しい結婚の縁組
1. 南スーダン遊牧民Nuer族－子供のできない女性が「夫」になる→家父長制維持
2. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　死んだ兄弟の代理で結婚、死者との結婚　父系維持
再婚規則
1. levirate－亡夫の兄弟と再婚－家系・財産・親族関係維持　家父長制一夫多妻制
2. sororate－亡妻の姉妹と再婚－親族関係維持　姉妹の一夫多妻制
結婚費用
1. 結婚－財産譲渡・労働力提供
　　　● 妻側→夫側（持参金）－ヨーロッパ・アジアの一夫一婦制
2. 　　インド－持参金未払い→嫁殺害
3. 　● 夫側→妻側（嫁代）小規模家父長制社会　サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ、米インディアン
　　　　　　　　　　礼儀、労働力損失の埋め合わせ、夫の親権保障
4. 　　　　　　　　負担大→家族が支払い協力　牧畜社会
5. 　　　　　　　　　　　　離婚→嫁代返却、子供夫側
6. 　　　　　　　　財産少の社会－婿の労働
7. 　　　　　　　　支払い不能・女性不足－嫁捕獲　メラネシア、アマゾン流域
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　形式上（儀式、駆け落ち）の場合あり
NOTE: 現代日本－夫側⇆妻側　家同士の婚約強調　結納品、結納金、西洋式結婚式



Lecture Transcript　各段落の要旨
１
1. 結婚と家族　親族の定義は文化により様々－生物学的な親族関係によるとは限らない
2. 講義内容　親族構造（一族・氏族、母系社会・父系社会・同族社会）結婚、恋愛、近親相姦の禁止
3. 親族規定－常に変化
● 血族　● 婚姻関係による親族　● 架空の親族（名づけ親、家族ぐるみの友人）
4. 　血族の種類　結婚とりしきる、経済単位、時に祭事を司る
　　　　● 氏族－先祖が神話上の人物　● 一族－先祖が実在した人物
5. 　血族
● 父系社会－男性中心の家系－世界の約40％－母方の親族の認識希薄
２
1. 　 ● 母系社会－女性中心の家系（実権は男性）－世界の約15％
● 女家長制－女性中心の家系（実権は女性）－記録無し→事実上存在しない
2. 　 ● 同族社会－父系でも母系でもない社会－約45％、柔軟性、社会流動性と関連
狩猟採集社会・遊牧民・産業（途上）社会に適合
3. 恋愛と結婚の区別－結婚は当人だけでなく家族同士の契約（恋愛≠結婚）
4. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　若年結婚－親が相手選び
5. 　恋愛－西洋人発明説－11～12世紀頃フランス宮廷貴族のひまつぶし
6. 　　　　反例： 調査結果－168文化中90％に恋愛の記録
３
1. 　　　　生物学的起源－生化学上の証拠（ホルモンレベル、脳波がコーラ中毒状態に類似等）
2. 複婚　● 一夫多妻(世界全体の82%)、● 一妻多夫(1%未満)　厳しい環境と関連)
3. 　　　　 　　　　　　 ネパールのチベット人-兄弟の一夫多妻－働き手増、子供減
4. Nayar族（南西インド） 母系社会
5. 　　　● 通過儀礼の結婚－女子の成人式－思春期前で結婚－数日、形式的
４
1. 　　　● sandbadham婚－本人同士の意思－男性が母方の家から通う
2. 　　　　　同時に複数のsandbadham、法的拘束無し
3. 　　　　　子供の父親－必ず決める〈父子関係重要〉
4. 近親相姦の禁止－異族結婚－結婚禁止範囲は文化により変化
5. 　　 　嫌悪感、兄弟・親・子との結婚禁止普遍的
５
1. 近親相姦禁止の文化による線引き　
ユダヤ・キリスト教（旧約）の規定－母親と妹他（ゆるい規定）
2. 　　　カソリック－4世紀末 ～11世紀半ば７親等のいとこまで禁止拡大
3. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　特免除状販売目的　その後2親等まで禁止縮小
4. 　　近親相姦禁止の理由
　　　　　● 近親交配－劣性遺伝、 ● 文化による禁忌　〈例〉血縁でないいとこへの禁忌
６
1. 　　　 ● 身近だと尊敬できない　（一緒に育つと恋愛感情がもてない）　　　　　　
2. 　　　　　キブツでの調査　子供時代から寮で集団生活－結婚例無し
3. 　　　　　台湾のsim-pua　婚約者同士が一緒に育つ
4. 　　　　　　出生率30％低　不和多　離婚率高
5. まとめ　　近親相姦禁忌－生物学的理由＋文化的・心理学的要素
　　　　　　　結婚－進化論的目的（縁組を助ける）＋文化的影響、様々な形態
生物学的結びつきを超えた親族
注意点補足
☆「今何を話しているのか」（別の例、例外、余談、話が変わるところ等）
☆「つなぎ表現」（”Another example,” ”We’ll come back to these in later lectures,(p.26 l.77)” etc. ）
☆「トーン」（真剣、冗談、強調）
☆解答の構成：　英文エッセイの構成　言いたいことを先に書く　詳細・補足は後

Writing Questions
1. どのような進化論的圧力が縁組（結婚）を促進しますか？
考え方 まず、｢進化｣の説明をするか｢進化論的圧力｣の説明をすることで｢進化論｣の意味が分かっていることを示す。進化論的圧力」＝「種の保存を促す力」なので「結婚の生物学的理由」を説明する。各文化が結婚と子孫繁栄を重視した仕組みも持つことが根拠にできる。
例 進化論とは環境に適した突然変異をもつ個体が生き残り、その個体の遺伝子が子孫に受け継がれることで種が環境適合しつつ変化することである。つまり生命の最大の進化論的目的は自分の遺伝子をより多く残すことなので人間社会においても結婚制度が子孫を残すことを促進する仕組みとして機能している。／まず講義にあるように恋愛の生物学的起源は生理学的に証明されている。(p.27 3 ～p.28 l.128)これにより恋愛や結婚はヒトの生まれつきの子孫繁栄の衝動から起こると言える。／次に全ての文化において結婚と子孫繁栄は重要な要素であり、環境の違いにより形は違っても全ての文化で子孫を残す＝結婚を促進する仕組みがある。(p.21 l.133 ～141等)また、一夫一婦制より一夫多妻制のほうが子供の数が多くなるが(p.20 l.80, p. 28 l. 130-141)、この一夫多妻制が世界全体では一般的である。(p.28 l.136-138)

2. 近親相姦への嫌悪は自然のものですかそれとも習得されるものですか？
考え方 教授が挙げている３つの近親相姦嫌悪の理由をまとめる。｢自然のもの｣＝生まれつき、｢習得されるもの｣＝生まれた後見に着くもの＝社会・文化・心理的影響
例 講義によると近親相姦への嫌悪は自然のものと習得されるものの両方があるといえる。／まず生物学的理由としては、近親交配による劣性遺伝の回避が考えられる。近親婚では出生異常の確立が上がる。(p.31 l.273-276) また、親兄弟との近親相姦禁止は人類共通(p.30 l. 228-231)なのである程度は生まれつきのものだと考えられる。一方で文化や時代により禁止範囲が異なること(p.30 l.220-221, 228-p.31 l.270 )や、血縁でないいとこへの禁忌がある(p.31 l.278-281)という事実は、この禁忌に文化的要素があることを示している。また、心理学的要素もある。キブツや台湾の例にあるように、身近だと尊敬できないという現象はその例である(p.31 6 -p.33 l.329)。

3. 世界中で一夫多妻制が普通で一妻多夫が稀な理由は何ですか？
考え方 テキストの一夫多妻制の利点をまとめる。更にテキスト・講義を通して、結婚・相続と家父長制維持の関係が繰り返し指摘されているのでこの点と一夫多妻制をつなげる。
例 子孫を多く残せる点と父系維持が理由／テキストによると一夫多妻制は子供の数が増えるという生物学的利点がある(p.20 l. 79)のに加えて男性の格が上がるとある(p.20 l.80)ので家父長制維持に有効だからだと考えられる。／講義によれば血族のうち半数以上が父系社会または男性中心の社会である。(p.26 l.45, l.58, 61)また、女性が夫になる(p.21 l.128 ～132)、再婚相手が父系維持のために決められている(p.2l.146-148)など、父系維持の仕組みがさまざまな文化で見られる。一夫多妻はこのような文化の父系重視に適合しているため一妻多夫よりも多いと考えられる。

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/10 (Thu) Slept from 2:30-9:30 (7 hrs). The game/car-blast-like noise when I went to bed. Incessant electric shocks to head and fits during sleep.

Maybe I was imagining, but the funny feeling to my teeth and head that were gone for about a week, happened when I started washing dish cloth and lasted for a few dozen seconds and gone.

2011/11/11 (Fri) Slept from 2:30-8:00 (5.5 hrs). Very strong electric shock that felt as if it sucked my brain hit a while after I went to bed. I put an LED in my ear. Several weaker shocks followed around the ear with the LED. Then the shocks came down to the lower part of my head and then hit my left hand, which was placed my stomach, and make it have a fit. I flung my blanket away from it, exposing it in light. A weaker shock came and made the fingers of the hand twitch. At 8:00, a loud low noise woke me up. The noise stopped when I got up. I lay down again and stayed in bed and a strong shock with a ggggggoh noise gave my head and bust a zap. I sat with my elbows on the bed holding my head with my arms, face in my hands, and after a while, electric shocks hit my head and arms. They felt as if the held me around my arms. The feeling of after concussion after I woke up.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/09 (Wed) Slept from 0:00-3:30 + 6:00-10:30 (3.5 + 4.5 hrs). A low noise that sounded like the usual one which bothered my eardrums when I went to bed around 0:00. A lot of electric shocks to my head and fits of my hands during the first sleep. The noise woke me up around 3:30. Read till 6:00.

On Monday night, I deleted a part of what I wrote on the 4th of November, last Friday, to take back those words of mine, because I felt that I might have hurt someone by them. If so, I am sorry. I should not have written them. I just I missed the person. I always say wrong things and hurt the people who are nice to me. Probably I did that this time again. I am very sorry. I am sorry for my lack of trust.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/08 (Tue) Slept from 1:00-9:00 (8 hrs) with a little interval around 6:00. The game/car-blast-like was heard when I was going to sleep, I think. When I got up around 6:00, the noise was louder and more constant. It sounded more like a big engine of a bus or a truck. Forgot to put on the eye mask. When woke up and still lying with my eyes closed, grids the size of a small die in each of which wavy orange lines were blinking at a rate of half a second, which used to be in sync with the noises of my head when they were wavy and loud, were seen for a while until I got up and opened my eyes. The noises in my head were neither loud nor wavy at that time, I think. Eyes were very tired, but not the funny feelings in my brain and teeth.

Class Supplement, TOEFL Essay, part-time job of high shcool students

☆Writing Topic
Do you think it is a good idea or a bad idea for high school students to have part-time jobs in addition to their studies? Explain your opinion on this question offering specific reasons and examples.

☆Let’s think
Reading the question carefully is the first step toward a satisfactory essay. This question has a condition in itself. It is the expression at the end of the sentence, “in addition to their studies”. This excludes the case of working at the expense of one’s study. The question takes for granted that students’ main job is studying, and asks if it is a good thing to work for money in their free time.

☆Hints for points
Advantages: By working part-time, you can
1. learn what it is like to work for money.
2. see what it is like to work in society.
3. learn to work as part of a team.
4. meet many kinds of people.
5. learn the importance of money and come to thank your parents.
6. have an opportunity to think about your future .

Counter-argument & Counter-counter-argument:
1. You can work after you have finished their study or during your college years. ⇔ Without any knowledge of the real world, it is difficult to have a clear picture of your future career, and the range of your future career choice is decided when you decide which department of a university you will apply for.
2. Even though it is part-time, a job is a job. Being a student might not often be an excuse to do it half way for the sake of, say, midterm exam. ⇔ Time management can be another skill that working part-time might help us acquire.

Disadvantages: Having a part-time job will
1. deprive you of time for other things that you can go through only when you are in high school such as extracurricular club activities, conventions for high school students, volunteering, and making friends with the students of your high school.
2. make you fail to juggle work and study.
3. lead you to fall behind the competition in this academic-background-oriented society.

Counter-argument & Counter-counter-argument:
1. Working for money, especially doing some manual labor, is one of the important experiences that a high school student should have to decide what they want to do after graduation. ⇔ Experiencing part-time jobs is not necessary in deciding your future career. You can tell what it is like to do menial jobs through, say, doing daily chores. Moreover, whether you like to continue study or not depends on other factors such as aptitude and interest. If you cannot stand doing monotonous jobs for money, you cannot do the grinding work for grades and degrees.
2. High school students are half adults. Staying away from the real world will make them out of touch. ⇔ Students do not necessarily have to work to see the real world, their family and community are their reality. By watching and participating in the activities of the society they belong to, they can learn which part of society they belong to and what they need to do for the future.

☆One-paragraph essay = the framework of the full essay
Now let’s write a one-paragraph essay before writing a full essay. You could use each sentence as the main idea (topic sentence) of each paragraph of your full essay.
Sample:
【Main Idea】 I think it is a good idea for high school students to work part-time as part of their experience to grow up mentally and to learn about society.
【Reason 1】 Working for money as part of a team with many kinds of people will make them emotionally mature and help them acquire better moral.
【Reason 2】 They can also see how society is ticking by actually participating in it.
【Counter-argument & Counter-counter-argument】It is true that students can interact with society by doing other activities outside of school such as volunteering, but the real experience of working as a wage-earner at the bottom of a hierarchy cannot be gained in any other activities and is useful to become a well-rounded, sympathetic adult.
【Conclusion】Part-time job is an experience that a high school student should have to be a good citizen.

Your one-paragraph essay:

【Main Idea】


【Reason 1】


【Reason 2】


【Counter-argument & Counter-counter-argument】



【Conclusion】

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/07 (Mon) Slept from 4:00-9:00 (5 hrs). Went to bed around 0:30, read books and started to try to sleep around 2:00,but the game/car-blast, which was not loud but hurt eardrums, kept me awake. I put earmuffs after drinking hot milk, and right after that a strong shock that felt as if it hit through between my ears shot, and I took earmuffs off. Instead, I started listening to walkman and probably sometime after 4:00 I fell asleep. One time I briefly woke up and found walkman battery had expired and the game/car-blast-like noise was not heard, either. When I woke up around9:00, the same noise was heard.

I went to the fast food shop at the station yesterday evening to prepare for my work. Nothing smelt bad this time.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/07 (Mon) Slept from 4:00-9:00 (5 hrs). Went to bed around 0:30, read books and started to try to sleep around 2:00,but the game/car-blast, which was not loud but hurt eardrums, kept me awake. I put earmuffs after drinking hot milk, and right after that a strong shock that felt as if it hit through between my ears shot, and I took earmuffs off. Instead, I started listening to walkman and probably sometime after 4:00 I fell asleep. One time I briefly woke up and found walkman battery had expired and the game/car-blast-like noise was not heard, either. When I woke up around9:00, the same noise was heard.

I went to the fast food shop at the station yesterday evening to prepare for my work. Nothing smelt bad this time.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/05 (Sat) Slept from 2:30-7:30 (5 hrs) and half-slept from 7:30-9:00 (1.5 hrs). A strong shock make my jaw shut and woke me up at 8:52. When going to sleep the game/car-blast-like noise was heard and legs felt funny.

2011/11/06 (Sun) Slept from 1:00-6:00 + 7:00-10:30 (5 + 3.5 hrs). The game/car-blast-like noise continued all night. My ear drums hurt in the morning. Legs felt funny when falling asleep. Tired when got up. After-concussion feeling after getting up and till now (15:23).

I noticed that the funny feelings in my brain and teeth that used to occur when I was washing the dish cloth have not occurred for a few days. I do not remember when they stopped.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/04 (Fri) Bothered by a noise and vibration all night. Slept from 5:00 – 12:00 with an interruption by the noise around 8:45. The highway near my apartment was very noisy in odd hours probably because it was a national holiday on the 3rd.

I went to bed around 2:00 but a noise like a game/car-blast, vibration, electric shocks to my head plus ticklish feeling in my legs kept me awake. Around 3:00 a big electric shock to my head woke prevented me from falling asleep. The noise and vibration were still heard and felt, very loud. I went to the kitchen and started warming milk, when I head female voices and foot steps coming out of one of the houses next to my apartment building premises. I opened my front door, at which moment a car pulled off or past in front of my building with a blast and light. I did not see any person. I went inside and noticed it had become quiet.

After drinking milk, I went back to my bedroom. The noise was heard though faintly. A male cough came from the next room. The moment I lay myself, the noise became louder. The noise seemed more like car-blasts. It seemed like those on the highway 8, which is 80 meters from my building. In 20minutes or so, the noise suddenly stopped and at the same time the police car siren was heard. Around 3:30 the noise came back but it seemed more like the usual game/car-blast-like noise.

I read a book and went to sleep around 5:00, the same noise hurting my eardrums. The noise and loud noises in my head woke me up around 8:45. I took cold medicine and went to sleep again. When I got up, I felt very tired.

I finished “The scarlet Letter”, which I had found to be a bargain at a secondhand bookstore and which I was interested in in terms of what happens to a stigmatized woman. After I woke up, I realized the book was not so much about stigma as about making up for sin and redemption by two people and their child.

It is about 15:30 and I will go out to the coffee shop. I want to stay away from my room, more precisely from my neighbor, as much as possible, now that people do not bother me so much as before.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/03 (Tur) Slept from 3:30-10:30 (7 hrs) Electric shocks that felt like sucking my brain continued for a long time, probably through the first half of my sleep. I put an LED bulb in my right ear. There were no shocks that made me see flashes, at least none that I remember. Although the game/car-blast-like noise hurt my ears when I went to bed, I did not put on earmuffs because, whenever I do so, the shocks between my ears feels stronger.

Went out to the station coffee shop to work in the late afternoon. I realized that unlike before staying out of my apartment room is better than staying in it now. Till very recently, even though I went out escaping from my annoying neighbor, the harassment I encountered outside were also unbearable. But now at least in that coffee shop I can spend time without being offended most of the time.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/10/02 (Wed) Slept from 2:00-9:30 (7.5 hrs). A shock or two when trying to sleep. Put in LED in my right ear and no shocks I remember after that. Went the station coffee shop in the evening again for bright light and concentration.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/11/01 (Tue) Slept from 5:00 - 10:00 (5 hrs). Electric shocks that made me see flash lights came several times when I was trying to sleep and stopped after I put an LED one of my ears facing the ceiling, my lying on the left side down. Eye fatigue and tiredness of the whole body when woke up. Worked at the station coffee shop for several hours in late afternoon. Although the flyer of the Monday evening new class said that the course had a answer-correction service, which was to be three 200-300 word mini-essays per person and which I was to be in charge of, it turned out that there was no such service, and so I have a lot of free time starting this week.

Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）

2011/10/31 (Mon) Slept 3 + 3 hrs and had 2 hrs of half sleep. Woken up early in the morning by a noise that sounded like a game/car-blast. Beam-like shock that shot between my ears repeated. I put in a small LED light bulb in one of my ears and then a weaker shock came to the one with the LED, and much weaker sensations a few more times, and them shocks stopped coming to my ears. After that, legs and arms got shocks and had rather big fits, one of which lifted my arms, which were folded on my torso.

Finished work around 22:00 at Shibuya branch because the hours of my second class were shifted from 19:00 to 19:45 and then to 20:20 because a wrong lecture CD had been played and the right one was played again. Probably because I rode the train much later than usual, the number of people who look at me in strange ways with their cell-phone open in front of them was a little larger than usual.

Not being able to go to sleep after taking dinner watching some funny YouTube videos on how to deflect a meteor that might hit Earth and what would happen to our body when you die by falling into a black hole, I am typing this record around 3:45 on Tuesday November 1st, 2011.