2016年11月19日土曜日

Pre-TOEFL writing, Should we pay attention to the opinions made by famous people?

Writing Topic
When famous people such as actors, athletes and rock stars give their opinions, many people listen. Do you think we should pay attention to these opinions? Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer


Hints for Points
1.    Celebrities raise awareness of important issues and make changes.
2.    Issues taken up by famous people are usually very important.
3.    Most famous people follow the status quo and what they say could be wrong.
4.    Endorsement by stars could be misused to manipulate public opinions.

Sample Development
1. Celebrities raise awareness of important issues and make changes. They have the power to mobilize large numbers of people in a short time. Their admirers follow them through media, and when they mention something and call for an action through such media as Twitter, the comments will be shared by people and actually lead to some positive results. Angelina Jolie has used her fame to support poor people in Africa. Leonardo DiCaprio actively tries to alert the world to climate change whenever possible. The 49ers quarterback, Colin Kaepernick, contributed to attention to police brutality and all the discrimination against black people in the U.S. by refusing to stand up but instead kneeling down during national anthem and the news made people of all walks of life all over the world think about the problem and the importance of taking a stand. Many stars are taking advantage of their status for good causes and we should listen to them.

2. Most famous people follow the status quo and what they say could be wrong. They live on exposure to the mainstream media, which depend on sponsors. Thus, they consciously or unconsciously conform to the people in power. For example, when a documentary film maker Michael Moore blamed President George W. Bush for having a fictitious war, meaning that the Iraq War was based on a false reason, at the Academy Award ceremony, almost all participants booed him and accused him of being “unpatriotic”. Before long, Michael Moore proved right. There were no weapons of mass distraction in Iraq and it turned out that Bush administration had wanted to attack Iraq since 9.11 not for war on terrorism but for oil. Few celebrities, just like mainstream media, mention it even today. As this example shows, it is necessary to make an educated guess on whether to pay attention to opinions given by famous people.


♦Your Sample Essay Structure                                    
Introduction = Outline

Point 1


Point 2


Point 3 / Follow-up


Conclusion = Wrap-up


国際教養AO入試 reference, climate change, migration, American politics

Trump in the White House: An Interview With Noam Chomsky
Monday, 14 November 2016 00:00By C.J. Polychroniou, Truthout | Interview
http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/38360-trump-in-the-white-house-an-interview-with-noam-chomsky

No ideologue?   Donald Trump chooses Jeff Sessions for attorney-general
Nov 18th 2016, 11:37 BY LEXINGTON | WASHINGTON, DC      Timekeeper
http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/11/no-ideologue

Noam Chomsky on Trump's Victory   Aljazeera Interview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtgYNJHuo3M

A message from MIT faculty reaffirming our shared values
http://www.mitvalues.org/

Pre-TOEFL writing, All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school.

Writing Topic
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All students should be required to study art and music in secondary school. Give specific reasons to support your answer.

Note
Secondary schools are junior high school and high school.

Hints for Points
1.    Habit to enjoy good art and music should be maintained through all education years.
2.    Secondary school students should be given chances to expand their world as much as possible.
3.    Art and music should be optional in secondary school.
4.    Some may enjoy drawing pictures while they may feel horrified by the thought of singing in class.

Sample Development
1. Art and music should be optional in secondary school. The basics of art and music are taught at primary school and students already know their aptitudes. They can decide whether taking these subjects will benefit them or not. Both art and music are for the joy of life and it is putting the cart before the horse to force students to learn them. Therefore, they should be given a choice.

2. Secondary school students should be given chances to expand their world as much as possible. Those who had no interest in art and music in primary school may open their eyes to either or both of these subjects in secondary school. Then the school should provide opportunities to experience the finest pieces humans make when one is ready to appreciate them.


♦Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline

Point 1


Point 2


Point 3 / Follow-up


Conclusion = Wrap-up


2016年11月6日日曜日

Pre-TOEFL writing, What is the most important animal in your country?

Writing Topic  Lesson 29  Writing Topic
What is the most important animal in your country? Why is the animal important? Use reasons and specific details to explain your answer.

Let’s Think
If something is important, it is treated carefully, it becomes a symbol of something important, or its name often appears in the language of the culture it belongs to.

Hints for Points
1.    Dogs protect our houses and their statues protect our shrines. They appear in our folk tales. In a popular tale, a dog is the first company of the hero who gets rid of demons. Dogs are used in many expressions such as cat-and-dog relationship, which actually we put dog-and monkey relationship. There are also many proverbs using dogs in them. For example there is a saying that goes, “Dogs will never forget the kindness they received if you feed them for three days”, showing our appreciation of the faithfulness of dogs. In this way, dogs have had good relationships with people in my country. As in other countries, dogs are our best friends in Japan and they are the most important in this country.

2.    Crows seem to be hated by everyone but actually they are vital in Japan. First, the flag symbol of the Japan national football team is Yatagarasu, a legendary holy crow with three legs. A crow appears as a scout of gods in our oldest history book, Kojiki, A History of Ancient Matters, which was edited in 710 A.D. There are many other crow legends and some shrines worship crows as messengers of gods. There is even a color with crow in its name, the color of shiny black, which goes the color of crow feathers soaked in water. This expression is used to describe beautiful hair. Crows are everywhere, not only in our daily lives but also in significant areas in our culture. Therefore, the crow is the most important animal in my country.

Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = OutlineI think the fish is the most important animal in my country, Japan. There are two reasons.
Point 1Fish is our staple food and we have lived on it.  e.g. sushi, fish broth
Point 2Building a fish pond is part of our landscape gardening and breeding carp is one of the most luxurious hobbies in Japan.
Point 3 / Follow-upIt is true that many other animals are important in many ways in our culture. However, since eating is the most basic behavior in life and the fish has been more familiar food to us than any other animals, it can be said that it is the most important in our society.
Conclusion = Wrap-upJapanese people have lived in harmony with many kinds of animals, and the fish represents the history and culture. Therefore, I find fish the most important animal in my culture.

Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline
.
Point 1           


Point 2


Point 3 / Follow-up


Conclusion = Wrap-up