2013年8月25日日曜日
2013年8月14日水曜日
TOEFL iBT Integrated Writing, Essay-writing Procedure and Paragraph Development
Essay-writing Procedure
☆The
following is an idea of procedure that could help you finish writing a
well-developed essay before the time is up. One good point of this procedure is
that with this you can avoid forgetting or missing time to write the
conclusion.
1.
Read the writing topic carefully.
2.
Brainstorm, typing down the would-be points for the essay.
《The
image of typing down the would-be points for the essay》
@@&!*&
$$$$
#`*&%#@&%
$$B
3.
Put the points in order. (They will make the topic sentences of the paragraphs
of the body.)
《The
image of putting the points in order》
【Point
1】#`*&%#@&%
【Point
2】@@&!*&
【Point
3 / Counterargument-treatment】$$$$$$B
4.
Write the topic sentences of the conclusion and introduction paragraphs.
For
example.
1)
Write the conclusion topic sentence
【Point
1】#`*&%#@&%
【Point
2】@@&!*&
【Point
3 / Counterargument-treatment】$$$$$$B
【Conclusion
= Wrap-up】Because
of #...and @,,,, it can be concluded that facility is more important than the
faculty for today’s university.
2)
Write the introduction topic sentence
【Introduction
= Outline】I
think it is more worthwhile for a university to spend money on improving
facilities than on hiring high-quality professors because of # and @.
【Point
1】#`*&%#@&%
【Point
2】@@&!*&
【Point
3 / Counterargument-treatment】$$$$$$B
【Conclusion
= Wrap-up】Because
of #... and @,,,, it can be concluded that facility is more important than the
faculty for today’s university.
5.
Develop body paragraphs.
The
image of developing the first point (The first paragraph of the body).
【Introduction
= Outline】I
think it is more worthwhile for a university to spend money on improving
facilities than on hiring high-quality professors because of # and @.
【Point
1】#`*&%#@&%.
This means that #`****&###```&%%%%. For example, □△○. This is
especially true in the case of □*△*○
because …. It cannot be denied that ■▲● happens, but in reality, □◎◎.
Therefore, it can be said that #`*✿&%#@&%□☉✿.
【Point
2】@@&!*&
【Point
3 / Counterargument-treatment】$$$$$$B
【Conclusion
= Wrap-up】Because
of #... and @,,,, it can be concluded that facility is more important than the
faculty for today’s university.
6.
Develop conclusion and introduction paragraphs.
7.
Go over the whole essay, focusing on one thing such as a grammatical mistake
you often make.
♦Your
Sample Essay Structure
【Introduction
= Outline】
【Point
1】
【Point
2】
【Point
3 / Counterargument-treatment】
【Conclusion
= Wrap-up】
Paragraph development
☆A paragraph of the body of an essay often
develops its main idea as follows:
【Main Idea】 (主張)
【Explanation】 (主張の説明)
【Detail / Example in general】 (一般的な例)
【More Specific Detail / Example】 (より具体的な例)
【Follow-up / Counterargument-treatment】 (補足または反論の処理)
【Conclusion】 (結論)
☆Sample Paragraph Development
-The Writing Topic
for the following Sample
What are the factors for
you to consider in finding a place to live?
-An Essay Plan
for the writing topic above
【Introduction
= Outline】I
prioritize the location and the facilities in finding a place to live in.
【Point
1】My
first priority is the location for an economic reason.
【Point
2】I
would like to live in an apartment with enough facilities.
【Point
3 / Counterargument Treatment】The
appearance of the building might also be important in terms of enjoying life,
but I have few opportunities to invite friends to my place. Therefore,
appearance does not matter to me.
【Conclusion
= Wrap-up】To
live an economical, healthy life, I would like to live in an apartment with enough
facilities in a suburban area.
♦Sample
Paragraph Development of Point 1 in the Essay Plan above
【Main Idea】 (主張)
I prioritize the location
when I decide on a place to live for an economic reason.
【Explanation】 (主張の説明)
I support myself, so that
I cannot afford to live in an expensive area.
【Detail / Example in general】 (一般的な例)
For example, I may not
choose a place in an urban area.
【More Specific Detail / Example】 (より具体的な例)
Even a small apartment
costs half of my income if it is in the center of Tokyo.
【Follow-up / Counterargument-treatment】 (補足または反論の処理)
It is true some places
for students in the center of Tokyo are reasonably priced, but such places
often have security problems and living in them is out of question for me.
【Conclusion】 (結論)
Therefore, I would look
at suburban areas or the countryside to find a proper place for me to live in.
♦Your Sample
Paragraph Development
【Main Idea】 (主張)
【Explanation】 (主張の説明)
【Detail / Example in general】 (一般的な例)
【More Specific Detail / Example】 (より具体的な例)
【Follow-up / Counterargument-treatment】 (補足または反論の処理)
【Conclusion】 (結論)
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