国際教養学部AO入試 reference Fukushima now

Eight years after Fukushima’s meltdown, the land is recovering, but public trust is not

Bags of nuclear waste generated after the meltdown of one of Fukushima’s nuclear power plants in 2011 are now stored in the nearby town of Naraha. (Shiho Fukada/for The Washington Post)

By Simon Denyer

February 20 at 5:00 AM   The Washington Post

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/eight-years-after-fukushimas-meltdown-the-land-is-recovering-but-public-trust-has-not/2019/02/19/0bb29756-255d-11e9-b5b4-1d18dfb7b084_story.html?utm_term=.98048c199033

国際教養学部AO入試 reference social problems in America, Bernie Sanders running for 2020 Presidential election

You can have a general view of the social problems in America, which can be ours in the near future, by listening to the following speech:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7DRwz0cAt0

国際教養学部AO入試 reference democracy and socialism

The resurgent leftMillennial socialism

A new kind of left-wing doctrine is emerging. It is not the answer to capitalism’s problems

The Economist  Feb 14th 2019

https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/02/14/millennial-socialism

TOEFl iBT Independent Writing High schools should allow students to study the courses that students want to study Japanese-English translation worksheet

☆It is ～ for ☐ to do …  ☐が．．．するのは～だ

1.    自分の将来の為に選択すべき科目を高校生が知ることは難しい。

2.    全ての学生が一律に同じ科目を学習するのは効果的ではない。

3.    上級レベルの教育の準備および社会生活のための一般常識の修得のために、義務教育で初級学習を終えた学生が全ての科目で中級の知識を身に着けることは必要だ。

Answer Keys

☆It is ～ for ☐ to do …  ☐が．．．するのは～だ

4.    自分の将来の為に選択すべき科目を高校生が知ることは難しい。

It is difficult for high school students to know the subjects that they should choose for their future.

5.    全ての学生が一律に同じ科目を学習するのは効果的ではない。

It is not effective for all students study the same subjects in a single uniform way.

6.    上級レベルの教育の準備および社会生活のための一般常識の修得のために、義務教育で初級学習を終えた学生が全ての科目で中級の知識を身に着けることは必要だ。

To prepare for advanced level education and to obtain general knowledge for social life, it is necessary for students who have finished the basic level education in compulsory education to obtain intermediate level knowledge of all subjects.

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing, an advertisement that I think is good/bad -rewrite -

Lesson 29  Writing Topic

Advertising is a constant presence in our lives. Some advertisements are enjoyable and effective, but others are annoying. Choose an advertisement you think either very good or very bad, and explain why you either like or dislike this particular advertisement. Include specific details to explain your response.

☆Let’s think

1.      One way to choose an advertisement for this essay would be first to brainstorm good and bad points of advertisements and try to come up with one that fits some of the points. Discuss good and bad points of advertisements.

Good Points of Advertisements	Bad Points of Advertisements

2.      What do you think is a difficult part of writing an essay answering today’s question?

Note

One difficult part of answering the question of today’s writing essay might be how you describe and explain. The reader might not know the ad you are writing about, so you have to describe it in detail. Also, you have to explain the reason why you think it is good/bad. Sense is personal, and it requires careful explanation, or you will fail to convey to the reader the excitement you got from the ad.

☆Hints for Points

Good points of advertisements

1.    They provide information about goods and services people are interested in.

2.    They entertain viewers with attractive features and good ideas.

3.    Non-commercial advertisements attract attention to important issues

Bad points of advertisements

1.    They take up more space and time and are louder than the contents.

2.    They promote consumerism and materialism. They make people want what is not really necessary.

3.    Some ads have little or no information about what is advertised.

☆Ideas and Expressions

1. Play audio charade with the following advertisements.

2. Choose one of the advertisements you like/dislike, and explain why.

A.    Color-blind world

B.    Quit smoking

C.    Love your enemy

D.   Technology for development 

E.    Donate now

F.    Eho-maki roll

  

G.   Beer

H.   Kei Nishokori & Naomi Osaka (Nisshin)

(For reference of Advertisement H)

I.     Philippino housemaids

☆Let’s prepare

Now let’s prepare for your essay by responding to the following directions

Q. 1 Describe the advertisement you are going to write about.

e.g. The advertisement is a poster showing a woman eating what looks like a hamburger with plenty of cigarette butts instead of meat.

Q. 2 Account the issue related to the ad.

e.g. Smoking is proved to be bad for the health. Its addictive nature, second-hand smoke, and the tobacco industry are other related issues.

Q. 3 Why do you think the advertisement is very good/bad?

e.g. I think the advertisement is good because the metaphor helps realize the reality of smoking, taking in poison in a disgusting way.

☆Essay for ideas and expressions

Walking down a street in downtown Tokyo the other day, I looked up, saw an advertisement, and was fascinated by its simple design. I thought it was very good because it was eye-catching, stimulating, and practical.

The advertisement that caught my eye was a bulletin board of the biggest size on top of a tall building in Shibuya, one of the busiest districts in Tokyo. It had nothing on it except for a small phone number in the center. It made a huge white square against the sky as if it were a copy of The White Album of The Beatles placed on a blue table.

First, I thought that the bulletin board was empty and wondered why no one was interested in putting up an ad in such a crowded area. Next, I noticed the phone number, and then I realized that it was the number of the bulletin board company and that it was the advertisement of the advertisement space. I smiled because it made my mind light as things with good ideas always do. It was beautifully asserting its existence, saying “Here is a good space for advertisement” to those who might be interested.

I thought this ad was very good because it attracts attention and makes you think. Among numerous ads in all colors and designs, which are abundant in the shopping and pop-culture center Shibuya, a huge blank white square stands out. The ad gives you joy of question-solving and, by doing so, it gives you a good impression about the advertiser. Also, you can call the company on the spot if you are interested.

If I were the advertiser, I would have been tempted to put the name of the company in large letters near the phone number. However, this would be mundane and no one would pay attention to it. In practice, you will not be bothered by the absence of the name. It is not the name but the number that you need to use the service. You see the ad and you call, before trying to find out the company name. The absence of the name is strategically successful in appealing to potential clients.

Even if this design is actually often used when an advertising company advertises itself, there is no denying that it stimulates your mind when you see it for the first time. Advertisements that challenge conventional ideas and your intelligence always win. I think this simplest ad is one of them.

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing, main reasons for attending college - rewrite -

Writing Topic

There are many different reasons to attend a college or university. What do you think are some of the main reasons so many people are interested in attending college or university? Include specific reasons and details in your response.

☆Let’s Think

1.      How do the answers to the following two questions differ?

A) What do you think are some of the reasons people go to college?

B) What do you think are some of the main reasons people go to college?

2.      Fill in the blanks describing in detail how college-bound students and non-college-bound students differ in each aspect of life printed on top of the table.

	Study	Horizon	Future Career	Relationships	Independence
College- bounds
Non-college- bounds

3.      Discuss ideas related to the topic that you did not when you answered Question 3.

Notes

1)    The first sentence of the writing topic says that people go to college for “many different reasons.” This is the premise of this topic. Some believe that a college diploma promises a good job. Others regard college years as moratorium before going into workforce. Some might want to receive higher education so that they can study the subject they are interested in, while others might go to college just because they feel it is better for them to do so although they are not so sure why, and still others may intend to make friends with as many interesting people as possible during their college years.

2)    The question requires you to name some of the MAIN reasons why people think of going to college. Minor reasons such as exemption from military service might be irrelevant.

☆Ideas and expressions

WHY GO TO UNIVERSITY

Taken from http://www.upforitclub.org.uk/whataboutuniversity/whatwherewhyhow/whygotouniversity/

INDEPENDENCE: You could get the chance to live away from home during term time and won't have somebody telling you to tidy your room and do your homework. It's a great way of finding your feet before you move out completely.

OPPORTUNITIES: You get to meet people from all over the world who are interested in the same subject as you. You can join clubs and societies for almost every interest you can think of.

COURSES AND CHOICES: If you are thinking about university, then hopefully you have a course in mind that you may like to study. If you enjoy the subject and find it interesting, university allows you to explore and expand your knowledge for three years, normally with the use of fantastic facilities and experts in that subject who teach you.

SOCIAL LIFE: You get to socialize and take advantage of some fantastic facilities right on your doorstep! Never again will entertainment be so cheap and you'll meet people who might possibly end up being your friends for life.

JOBS: Graduates are much more likely to get a job, particularly at a 'professional' level and when they are working, graduates earn about a third more money than non-graduates. If you want to work in certain areas like medicine, teaching or law, you'll need a degree in the subject before you start.

☆Sample Essay Structure

【Introduction】 I think people think of going to college for wider perspective, for academic pursuit, and for their future careers.

【Reason 1】Spending another four years at school is attractive for many people who feel that they need some more years to expand their horizon.

【Reason 2】 Pure interest in the subject may well be another reason.

【Reason 3】 People go to college to get a good job.

【Conclusion】Many people are interested in going to college because they want to become a well-rounded, intelligent person equipped with college diploma.

Your Sample Essay Structure

【Introduction】

【Reason 1】

【Reason 2】

【Reason 3】

【Conclusion】

☆Sample Paragraph Development

【Main Idea】People go to college to get a good job.

【Supporting Details】They think having a college degree is an advantage when they look for a job. Most high-paying jobs require at least a Bachelor’s degree. Also, finding a regular job without going to college is very difficult in today’s job market.

【Follow-up】It is often said that interpersonal skills count in employment more than academic background, but the latter is easier to prove than the former because it takes the form of a document.

【Wrap-up】 It is natural to think that it is safe to get a college degree before starting work.

Your Sample Paragraph Development

【Main Idea】

【Supporting Details】

【Follow-up】

【Wrap-up】

TOEFL Independent Writing, Sentence Structure ,subjunctive, rather than Japanese-English translation

Lesson 26 STEP 1  Worksheet

If  S  過去形～, S 助動詞の過去形  do ….

もし～だったら、．．．するだろう。

1.      もしあるグループのリーダーになるように頼まれたら、その責任に圧倒されて、あるいは自分にはリーダーの資質がないと信じてほとんどの人がその申し出を断るだろう。

2.      もし、リーダーの身分にあこがれず、すべきことをやり、集団の各構成員の置かれている状況を良くしようといつも試みる優秀な人達が全てリーダーになったら、この世界は今よりずっと良くなるだろう。

～ rather than …

．．．というよりむしろ～

3.      カリスマ的な人よりもむしろ人の話をよく聞く傾向のある人の方が、より良い指導者になる可能性がある。

4.      決定に参加しないで文句を言うよりもむしろ決定に係わってグループの役に立ちたい。

Lesson 26 STEP 1  Worksheet  Answer Keys

If  S  過去形～, S 助動詞の過去形  do ….

もし～だったら、．．．するだろう。

1.      If all those smart people who do not aspire to the position of a leader, do what they have to do, and always try to improve the situation in which each member of the group is were elected to be leaders, this world would be much better than now.

2.      If (they were) asked to be the leader of a group, most people would reject the offer, being overwhelmed by the responsibility or believing that they do not have leadership qualities.

～ rather than …

．．．というよりむしろ～

3.      A person who tends to listen to others well rather than a charismatic person can be a good leader.

4.      I would like to be of help for the group by being involved in decision-making rather than complaining without participating in it.