2026年10月11日日曜日

TOEFL iBT Should dancing be valued more than now? (Revised)

Should dancing be given more importance in society than it currently is? (Sociology)

 

 

☆ Let’s Think

When and why do people dance? Why does a soccer player dance when he makes a goal?

 

Note: People dance at a wedding, at a funeral, at a party, when they pray, when they go to war, etc. They dance to have fun, to show happiness, to express themselves, to express something, to get to know each other, to communicate, etc.

 

 

☆Hints for points

Agree

1.     Dancing, helps nonverbal-communication, socialization, and bonding. Like music, it does not depend on language. Dancing helps wind down at parties, and dance clubs are popular hangout spots. Fun dancing consists of only a few simple steps, so it is easy to join. Dancing also helps share the sense of unity and resistance of people, such as the Palestinian folk dance Dabke.

 

2.     People dance in important moments in life. Dancing shows that the event is important, provides information about the event, and enhances the mood of the event. Ceremonies, marriages, and funerals often involve dancing. Entertainment events like festivals, parades and sporting events have dancing.

 

3.     Dancing promotes mental and physical health. Dance beats and repetitive movements make people feel good. It requires uses of all the muscles of the dancer’s body and improves blood flow.

 

4.     Dancing prevents violence in a community, sublimating stress into a formalized and controlled catastrophe. In a Balinese dance, kecak, some dancers fall into trance and stab themselves with a dagger, releasing the frustration in society. In lion dances, performed throughout Asia, the holy animal with scary appearances vigorously moves around and poses to eat people, making them alert and forget their daily complaints.

 

5.     Dancing is universal as well as representing each distinctive culture, enhancing intercultural communication. Traditional dances, country dances, rock & roll dances, or hip-hop dances, along with the music and fashion, are the core of the culture. Those outside the group can learn about them by learning their dances.

 

6.     Dancing informs people of the world view and values of their culture and passes them down. Balinese dancing is part of the structure of the Balinese society. People in Bali have dedicated their dancing to their gods in their religious practices. Each dance represents a mythological character and its story.

 

Disagree or partly disagree

1.     Traditional dancing is obsolete and treated as a traditional performing art. It is functional only in its traditional culture. A move of a traditional Japanese dance shows skills to plant rice seedlings but farmers do not need the information now. Also, traditional views of the world and values conveyed by dancing are mean little today due to the development of science and means of communication.

 

2.     Dancing no longer helps keep peace and community cohesion. People seldom go dancing to “blow off steam”. There are many other activities to release stress and bond like gaming and social media.

 

3.     In capitalism, dances have been commercialized. Like fashion and music, dances are products that are sensual, light, and easy to attract consumers. Although commercially important, the modern dances do not play any meaningful part in society.

 

4.     Dancing is not a popular entertainment in modern society compared to movies or karaoke. Dances tied-up with a song or anime come and go once in a while, no one remembering it five years later.

 

 

☆ Sample for Ideas and Expressions

【Thesis】Although dancing has positive effects on individuals and society, I don’t think dancing is worth more promotion, especially in terms of social reform. TikTok dancers are not achieving a revolution.

【Supporting Details】In ancient times, dancing was functional in organizing and enhancing movements with its hypnotizing effect. However, few people dance regularly now, and dancers usually dance for fun, health, or attention. In other words, they dance for personal purposes. Although cultures like music, art, and dancing are closely related to social movements and dancing helps strengthen the camaraderie and solidarity, most formalized cultures, including dancing, end up being part of the status quo in the long run. Also, the power of dancing is a double-edged sword. Used correctly, it can be a great booster of a movement while it can be used to control people, as seen in dancing religion. As far as I know, the vector of dancing is toward the latter. Promoting dancing, therefore, can be useful not so much for reformers as for the authorities.

【Counterargument-treatment】The mental health effects of dancing that Lucus mentions is remarkable, but there are many other choices for the same purpose as a result of diversified interests, tastes, and lifestyles.

【Conclusion】Dancing is an essential part of life, but it will not and should not be more influential than now. Thus, it is unnecessary to promote it. (223 words)


Write your draft. Then read each other’s draft, asking questions and making counterarguments.

 

                                                   DRAFT

 

 

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

2026年10月4日日曜日

TOEFL iBT Which do you prefer, trying new things regularly or a stable lifestyle? (Revised)

Do you prefer to try new things regularly, or do you prefer a stable lifestyle? (psychology)

 

 

 

☆ Let’s Think

1.       Do you often try foods you have never eaten, or do you always eat the same thing? Why/Why not?

2.       Do you enjoy meeting new people or stick to very few close friends? Why/Why not?

 

 

☆Hints for points

 

Adventurous Lifestyle

Safety-oriented Lifestyle

Advantages

various experiences, networks of friends and acquaintances, making discoveries, exciting, interesting, tolerant, flexible

stable, safe, peaceful

deep understanding of one thing

Disadvantages

misunderstood by others

full of danger and loss

suffer from precarious life

skeptical and afraid of changes

miss opportunities, fail to adapt

old-fashioned, boring, ignorant

 

Decisive reasons for your preference

・I am offensive/defensive and active/passive.

・My role model is a person whose lifestyle is adventurous/conventional.

・It is instinctive for humans to try to explore and expand, and I think I’m just following the rule.

・It is natural to appreciate the present and try to stick to the status quo.

・ideas and preferences, flexible, progressive

・“Fortune favors the bold.” (Proverb)

・“Life begins at the end of your comfort zone.” (Neale Donald Walsch)

 

☆ Sample Response

【Thesis】While I think Samantha is right in that the predictability of routine leads to peace of mind and indeed it is a factor of happiness, I prefer to keep trying something new because I tend to feel that nothing stays the same forever.

【Supporting Details】There is always an end or a point of completion of a phase in anything, beyond which development barely occurs and repetition follows. Therefore, whenever I feel I have experienced something well enough or when a project gets on track and the work is almost done, my mind becomes less activated. I find it hard to keep the same degree of passion in the present as before, and naturally, I start seeking for a novelty for growth.

【Counterargument-treatment】This does not mean that completion and sophistication are less important than adventure, but it is natural for a mind to look for a new experience. It is also true that continuation of monotonous daily life and steady practice of routines can be the matrix of evolution, and thus I don’t take light of conventional lifestyle. Scientific breakthroughs won’t happen without repetition of routines supported by a stable environment. Successful athletes and businessmen always attribute their accomplishment to the unwavering support from their family and friends. However, my preference for changes won’t change perhaps due to my personal history of moving house 10 times before I turned 25 years old. Changing is the unchanging part of my life, in other words.

【Conclusion】Therefore, I prefer an adventurous lifestyle. (247 words)

 


Write your draft. Then read each other’s draft, asking questions and making counterarguments.

 

                                                   DRAFT

 

 

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

2026年9月27日日曜日

TOEFL iBT People are less satisfied with their lives compared to previous generations. (Revised)

 

Are people less satisfied with their lives compared to previous generations? (psychology)

 

 

 

☆ Let’s Think

1.       Do you agree with that social media make people constantly compare themselves to others?

2.       Give examples of consumerism making people buy unnecessary things like a new iPhone model. What psyche do the industry take advantage of to make people buy more than necessary?

3.       Share your experience in which social pressures made you try to achieve more.

4.       Do you think your generation is less satisfied than your parents’?

5.       Do you agree with Mitchel’s idea that fulfillment of life with family and friends is the basic source of satisfaction that is not affected by changing times?

 

 

☆ Hints for Points

Agree

1.       Studies indicate the relation between social media and dissatisfaction.

2.       Consumerism starts the vicious cycle of short period of satisfaction and desire for more and better. It also leads to materialism, where one’s value is based on the amount one owns.

3.       Trying to live up to social expectation is stressful.

4.       Results-driven society alienates us from internal fulfillment.

5.       Desire for the better is in our instinct. Humans have evolved by constantly challenging ourselves for new goals. We instinctively keep improving ourselves or our environment, because to stop trying means to stop moving forward, which is dangerous as things are constantly changing.

 

Disagree

1.       Culture and education teach us the importance of lifestyle of moderation and gratitude for basic necessities.

2.       Teachings of major religions is about giving up desire in order to be free from pains of greed.

3.       What most people want is very modest. This world is made up of a few extremely greedy people who have amassed the wealth which equals to the total wealth of the bottom half of the population. However, most people do not care, as long as they can lead a decent life.

 

 

☆ Sample for Ideas and Expressions

【Thesis】To add to Emily’s opinion that social media make people less satisfied than before, I think capitalism has made them greedier than before.

【Supporting Details】Capitalism needs people who are constantly unsatisfied to keep consumerism going. It makes people focused on others’ business and feel sense of scarcity. The phenomenon that a new product gets popular and everybody has one overnight was often seen during the television era. Today, consumer psyche is manipulated in more sophisticated ways through social media. Pop-up banners and commercial posts according to the online user’s past purchase history and taste constantly stimulate appetite for shopping. Moreover, results-based business culture incessantly demands workers to show the result, making them obsessed with the notion that they must keep making achievements. These structural pressures in capitalist society leave us dissatisfied.

【Counterargument-treatment】Mitchel’s argument that people’s lives are centered around fundamental values such as happiness with family and friends could be true to some extent, but  urbanization and new technology have changed and keep changing untainted society into another hell of greed and envy. Bhutan, for instance, was once famous as a poor but happy kingdom, but it is not the same anymore after it started importing television sets and people started seeing luxury.

【Conclusion】The glass has always been greener somewhere else, and capitalism exacerbates it even more.  (216 words)


Write your draft. Then read each other’s draft, asking questions and making counterarguments.

 

                                                   DRAFT