分詞構文とは？
分詞構文とは、接続詞等を使わず文をつないだ文構造で、メインでない方（通常従属節）の動詞部分が～ing形です。
分詞部分は副詞の働きをします。
能動態の場合 受動態の場合
When it saw people, the dog ran away. When it is seen from here, the dog looks like a
cat.
↳Seeing people, the dog ran away. ↳(Being省略) Seen
from here, the dog looks like a cat.
手順
1.
接続詞を省略する（意味を明確にしたい場合は省略しない）
When it saw people, the dog ran away. When it is seen from
here, the dog looks like a cat.
2.
主語を省略する（主語が主節の主語と違う場合は省略しない）
When it saw people, the dog ran
away. When it
is seen from here, the dog looks like a cat.
3.
述語動詞部分を～ing形にする
When it Seeing people, the dog
ran away. When it
being Seen from here, the dog looks like a cat.
細かいルール
◍be動詞の文（is/am/are/was/were
～）→（Being省略可）～
◍受動態の文 ( be動詞+過去分詞) →（Being必ず省略）＋過去分詞
◍完了形の文（have/had + 過去分詞）→ Having ＋過去分詞（Having beenの場合省略可）
◍否定文 → Not ～ing（neverの完了形 → Never having ＋過去分詞 又はHaving never ＋ 過去分詞）
確認問題 各文を分詞構文にし、訳してください。
1. Because she lives near a park, she takes a walk every day.
2. Because she was sick, she didn’t go to work.
3. Because her son was sick, she didn’t go to work.
4. Because she didn’t know what to say, she kept silent.
5. After I had finished work, I went out.
6. Because it is written in easy English, it is good for beginners.
7. She ran away when she saw a snake.
8. She read a book as she sat on a chair.
《参考》接続詞のasは意味をほとんど持たず（あえて訳せば「～の様に、～で、～だが」です）文をつなぐだけの働きをします。従ってつながれた文の意味関係で「～なので、～だけれども、～の時、～しながら」等様々な訳になります。
練習問題 各文を分詞構文にし、訳してください。
1. When
I was walking along the street, I ran into Mr. Ghone.
I
ran into Mr. Ghone.
2. Because
I had been there before, I knew how to get there.
I knew how to get there.
3. Since
he was ill, Tom spent most of his childhood in bed.
Tom
spent most of his childhood in bed.
4. As it is written in easy English, the
book is good for beginners.
the book is good for beginners.
5. Because
it was left alone, the baby began to cry.
the baby began to cry.
6. Since
it is surrounded by the sea, our country has mild climate.
our country has a mild climate.
7. If
she is seen from the distance, the girl looks like a boy.
the girl looks like a boy.
8. If
all things are considered, doing both is the best.
doing both is the best.
9. As
it ran toward(s) the children, the dog wagged its tail.
the dog wagged its tail.
10. The
dog ran toward(s) the children and it wagged its tail.
the dog wagged its tail.
The dog ran
toward(s) the
children, .
11. As
the book is written in easy English, it is good for beginners.
this book is good for beginners.
12. As
he was badly injured, he was taken to hospital.
he was taken to the hospital.
13. As
I didn’t know what to say, I kept quiet.
I kept quiet.
14. As
he had realized he was getting late, he started running.
he started running.
15. Because
the show had been cancelled, we went home.
we went home.
16. Although
I had never been there before, I tried to get there.
I tried to get there.
解答
確認問題
1. Living
near a park, she takes a walk every day. 公園の近くに住んでいるので彼女は毎日散歩する。
2. (Being)
sick, she didn’t go to work. 病気だったので、彼女は仕事に行かなかった。
3. Her son
(being) sick, she didn’t go to work. 息子が病気だったので、彼女は仕事に行かなかった。
4. Not
knowing what to say, she kept silent.
何と言ってよいか分からなかったので、彼女は黙っていた。
5. Having
finished work, I went out. 仕事を終えた後、私は外出した。
6. Written
in easy English, it is good for beginners.
簡単な英語で書かれているので、それは初心者にとって良い。
7. She ran
away, seeing a snake. 蛇を見て、彼女は逃げた。
8. She read
a book, sitting on a chair. 椅子に座って、彼女は本を読んだ。
練習問題
1. Walking
along the street, I ran into Mr. Ghone.
一人で道を歩いていたら、ゴーンさんにばったり会った。
2. Having
been there before, I knew how to get there.
そこに以前行ったことがあったので、そこへの行き方を知っていた。
3. (Being)
ill, Tom spent most of his childhood in bed.
病気だったので、トムは子供時代のほとんどを寝て過ごした。
4. Written in easy English, the
book is good for beginners.
簡単な英語で書かれているので、その本は初心者に良い。（主節のitをthe bookに変えましょう。）
5. Left
alone, the baby began to cry.
一人で残されたので、その赤ちゃんは泣きだした。
6. Surrounded
by the sea, our country has a mild climate.
海に囲まれているので、私達の国は温暖な気候だ。
7. Seen
from the distance, the girl looks like a boy.
遠くから見ると（見られると）、その少女は少年のように見える。
8. All
things considered, doing both is the best.
全ての事を考慮すると（全ての事が考慮されると）、両方するのが一番良い。
9. Running
toward(s) the children, the dog wagged its tail.
子供たちの方に走ってゆきながら、その犬はしっぽを振った。
《参考》「～しながら」は【付帯状況】（ある動作に別の動作が付帯した状況）を意味します。
10. Running toward(s)
the children, the dog wagged its tail.
子供たちの方に走って行きながら、その犬はしっぽを振った。
又は The dog ran toward(s ) the children,
wagging its tail.
しっぽを振りながら、その犬は子供たちの方に走って行った。
《参考》and（等位接続詞）で繋がれた文（重文）の場合、どちらかの文が分詞構文になります。その文脈でメインでないと思われる方を分詞構文にします。
11. Written in easy
English, this book is good for beginners.
簡単な英語で書かれているのでこの本は初心者に良い。
12. Badly injured, he
was taken to the hospital.
ひどいけがをしていたので彼は病院に連れていかれた。
13. Not knowing what to
say, I kept quiet.
何と言ってよいか分からなかったので、私は黙っていた。
14. Having realized he
was getting late, he started running.
遅刻しかけていると気付いたので、彼は走り出した。
15. The show having
been cancelled, we went home.
ショーが中止されたので、私達は家に帰った。
16. Having never
been there before, I tried to get there.
又は Never having been there before, I
tried to get there.
そこに以前行ったことは一度もなかったが、私はそこへ行こうとした。
