2021年9月30日木曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing Drills 1) The Japanese government should exercise more austerity as the economy is bad now. 2) Athletes should work out twice as much as they do now for better performances. - revised -

Drill 1 Which of the following answers is better as a response to the following question? The Japanese government should exercise more austerity as the economy is bad now.

 

Answer A: In my opinion, I think that the Japanese government should exercise more austerity. It should spend less. This is because the economy is bad now. If the economy were not bad now, it could spend more. Also, the government has a huge debt, which is borrowing money. It is bad for the government to have too much debt, so we cannot increase the debt. Without debt, austerity would not be necessary, but the debt is more than 200% of the GDP, which is bad, so we must continue austerity.

 

Answer B: The Japanese government should not exercise austerity because it prevents money from circulating. If the government spends less for the public, people will spend less, and the economy will be worse. We must stop this vicious cycle. The government debt is not the debt to other countries in the case of our country. It just means that the government is pumping money into society to stimulate consumption. This practice is normal in recession, and our country will not lose confidence. Rather, a huge government spending will build the county back for the better.

 

Drill 2  Discuss the following statement, write a short essay on it including sentences with the structures below, and write comments on or correct mistakes of each other’s essay. Athletes should work out twice as much as they do now for better performances.

 

●It is for 名詞 to do …. 名詞するのは~だ。」 rather than…., 「~ と言うよりむしろ….

 

Hints for Points: quality rather than quantity, too much exercise can be harmful, cause of injury and stress, exercise that match each individual, reduce time for other aspects of life

 

Essay    

                                                                                                    

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                    

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                    

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                    

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                    

                                                                                                   

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2021年9月26日日曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing Which would you rather spend the money on, the book or the movie? - revised -

 

Writing Topic: Suppose you have enough money v to buy a book or watch a movie. Which would you rather spend the money on, the book or the movie?

 

 

Let’s Think

1.       Which of the following two statements do you think is a more straightforward answer to the question of  this writing topic?

a.       It is better to spend money on a book than it is to spend money on a movie.

b.       I would choose to spend the money on a book rather than on a movie if I had enough money to buy a book or watch a movie.

 

Note: The expression “Which would you rather spend the money on?” is about your choice/preference. The answer can be subjective. You do not necessarily have to make an objective judgment.

 

2.       Compare and contrast the merits of buying a book and watching a movie.

 

Hints for Points

 

a book

a movie

 

material

tangible

You can carry it around and keep it.

You can talk about it with others.

Intangible

It is a one-time experience.

It can be experienced together with others.

 

 

experience

your own imagination

You experience the story as your own.

You can read a book at your own pace,

stop or go back, and read it repeatedly.

others’ imagination

You feel as if you were in the world of the

movie as an on-looker.

You go through a movie as an experience.

 

genres

fiction: about what is going on in

the character’s mind

Non-fiction: detailed information

fiction: the plot and point of the original story

non-fiction: videos of actual events or

testimonies, a brief, digested explanation

others

academic training

(vocabulary, sentence structure, etc.)

composite art

 (video, music, CG, special effect, fashion, etc.)

                                                                                         

 

Sample Comparison

The experience you have through reading feels more real than that you have through watching a movie. When you read, you draw on your own experience to understand what is written, and it makes the story more real to you. For example, when the leading character is scolded by a strict teacher, you think of a particular teacher in your elementary school and remember the shock and embarrassment you felt when you were scolded by him or her. In a movie, the character of a strict teacher is presented through the interpretation of the actor and the director, which is different from your own image. Although it is always exciting and inspiring and therefore enjoyable to see the images created by great filmmakers, when it comes to reality, no other interpretation can beat your own. The teacher in your memory is scarier than any imagination of professionals. The world you build through reading is more real and intimate to you, and hence reading gives you vicarious experiences more often than watching a move. You live the character’s life through reading, while you witness it through watching a movie.

 

Your comparison of one of the differences between buying a book and watching a movie:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sample Body Structures

A     valueA book which costs a movie ticket is usually very valuable.

timeA book will keep me awake at night while a movie ends in a couple of hours,

My choiceMy tight schedule does not allow me to read a book, so I would go see a movie.

 

B     Point 1A book provides more detailed information.

Point 2Reading makes you more mature and develops your language ability.

Counterargument-treatmentIt is true that watching a movie takes less time to finish a story, but the effect is weaker than reading. The difference is like that between a tour and a stay.

 

Your Sample Body Structure

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3 / Counterargument-treatment

 

 

Paragraph development

Sample Paragraph Development of Point 1 in the Essay Plan above

Main Idea (主張)  A book can make you more mature more often than a movie can.

Supporting Details-general (詳細 - ―般的) Reading develops your thoughts and emotions more effectively than watching a movie, For example, novels tell you the characters’ thoughts and feelings in detail.

Supporting Details -specific (詳細 - 具体的) In an episode of the Harry Potter Series, for instance, you just see some troubled face of Harry when he has difficulty in mastering an important magic for defense, while in the book you see precisely what is going on in his mind, that is, his mixed feelings: an urge to achieve the magic, frustration, and the secret desire to fail again as he can see his late father’s image whenever he fails.  

Follow-up (補足) Of course a movie can use expressions and narratives for the same purpose, but the effect is limited. You just understand or sympathize with the character. On the other hand, a book develops a piece of real life in you. By reading word by word and going through each single thought and feeling that are in the character’s mind, you will own it. By following what Harry feels and thinks, you will actually own this orphan’s longing for his family, which is stronger than the fear of death.

Conclusion (結論) You can enrich your emotions by reading a good book. 

 

 

 

Your Sample Paragraph Development

Main Idea (主張) 

 

Supporting Details-general (詳細 - ―般的)

 

 

Supporting Details -specific (詳細 - 具体的)

 

 

 

 

 

Follow-up (補足)

 

 

 

Conclusion (結論)