Lesson 17 Writing Topic
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers
should be paid according to how much their students learn. Give specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.
☆Let’s Think
The part of the statement “paid according to how much” indicates
competition principle, or principle of market mechanism: having providers of
goods and services compete will facilitate their higher quality. The expression
“how much their students learn” allows a wide range of interpretation from
raising test scores to attaining real learning. The former can be quantified
but the latter might not be reflected in test scores.
能力給は競争原理 学習の解釈は様々 テストは数値化できるが真の学習は点数に反映されないかもしれない
☆Hints for Points
Agree
Teachers will make more efforts to improve their teaching methods if
they are paid according to their students’ performances. 教授法改善の動機づけになる。
Teachers who work hard can be rewarded properly. 勤勉な教師が適切に報酬を受けられる。
Disagree
Test scores do not always reflect the skills and efforts of
teachers. There are many other factors that decide students’ performances such
as learning capacity and timing of introduction of a certain subject.
テストの点は必ずしも教師の能力・努力を反映するとは限らない
（能力や習うタイミング）
To raise test scores, teachers will focus more on memorization than through
process and understanding of the whole picture. They also tend to increase the
amount of homework, which can have adverse effects on the overall development
of the students. テストの点を挙げることに集中 宿題増加で逆効果
☆Sample Essay Structures
A
【Introduction = Outline】I do not agree with
the statement that teachers should be paid according to how much their students
learn because it does not fit the reality of school. 学校の現実に合わないので反対
【Point 1】Performances of students are not
proportional to teachers’ efforts.
As the proverb goes, you can lead a horse to water but you cannot
make it drink. 生徒の成績と教師の努力は比例しない。諺にあるように馬を水辺に連れてゆくことはできるが水を飲ませることはできない。
【Point 2】It is unfair if teachers are evaluated based
only on their teaching abilities. Teaching subjects is not the only school
teachers’ job. They take care of students’ development as well as coaching
sports clubs and conducting school events.教授能力のみで評価するのは不公平。科目を教える以外の仕事がある
【Point 3 / Follow-up】It might seem that achievement-oriented
payment system encourage teachers to work harder. However, good teachers
already work hard and bad teachers may resort to bad ideas such as corporal
punishment. 努力を奨励するように思えるが、良い教師は既に努力している。体罰が起こる可能性もある
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】It is narrow-sighted
to try to make students work better by making school achievement-oriented.
Therefore, teachers’ salary should not be increased in proportion to test
results of their students. Teachers who make students happy should be highly rewarded.
成果主義は近視眼的。教師の給料は生徒のテスト結果に比例させるべきではない。生徒を幸福にする先生が高い報酬を得るべき
B
【Introduction = Outline】I agree with the
statement that teachers should be paid according to how much their students
learn except for the application of the idea to primary schools. 小学校以外は賛成
【Point 1】In elementary schools, teaching includes
things whose results cannot be tested. Thus it is impossible to decide
teachers’ pays according to the students’ performances, many of which will be
clear years later. e.g. following the rules of civil society, awareness of the
importance of healthcare, charity, etc.
小学校ではテストできないことも教えるので結果で給料を決められない。（例）市民社会の規則順守や健康管理、慈善等
【Point 2】High schools and junior high schools are
the places for study, so good teachers should be rewarded as such. 中学高校は科目を勉強する場なので教えるのがうまい教師はその報酬を受けるべき
【Point 3】The popularity of private schools and
cram schools shows that the idea is right.
私立高や塾の人気はこの考えの正しさを証明
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】Although there might
be some problems in the process of transition, but in the end, students will
benefit by making school pay teachers according to the performance of their
students.
変化の過程で問題はあるかもしれないが最終的には生徒が利益を得るだろう。
Your Sample Essay Structure
【Introduction = Outline】
【Point 1】
【Point 2】
【Point 3 / Follow-up】
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】
Writing Topic 2 (optional) Emperor Akihito, having expressed his
wish to abdicate several months before, said in his 2017 New Year’s message, “I
pray that people will be able to spend a year in which they find themselves
mentally enriched and at peace.” What do you think we should do to be mentally
enriched and at peace? 心豊かに平和に生きるにどうすべきか
☆Hints for Points
We will be able to spend a year in which we find ourselves mentally
enriched and at peace by …
being good and trying not to do harm to others as much as possible 善人になり他人を傷つけない
staying out of trouble, preparing for problems, and making the world
a better place to live in.
問題を避け、問題に備え、世界を住みやすい場所にする
helping each other and being gentle, modest, and tolerant to each
other. 助け合い優しく謙虚で寛容に
focusing on your duty and enjoying doing jobs. 義務に集中し仕事を楽しむ
getting rid of desires and fears, especially the fears of the
uncertainty of the future, old age, and death.
欲と恐れ、特に将来への不安と老年、死への恐怖をなくす
being calm, considerate, and prudent. 落ち着いて、思いやりがあり、思慮深くなる
having a good sense of humor. ユーモアのセンスを持つ
eliminating bullying. いじめをなくす
appreciating life and nature and being grateful to people doing good
to humankind and the environment
人生と自然に感謝し人類と環境に良いことをしている人たちに感謝する
learning about societies and people, especially those with problems.社会と人について学ぶ
promoting fairness and seeking for peaceful coexistence. 公正を促進し平和的共存を模索する
helping improve lives of those who are vulnerable and suffering. 弱者の生活改善を助ける
seeing the positive side of the world, reminding yourself of the
facts that prove it. 世界の良い面を見る
cherishing the beautiful things and the happiest moments or
memories.
美しいものや最も幸せな瞬間あるいは記憶を大切にする
picturing angels or whatever is delightful when there is nothing
else to do and no hope left.
希望以外何も残っていない時は天使や喜ばしいものを何でも思い浮かべる
☆Sample Essay Structure
【Introduction = Outline】It is obvious that
many kinds of things have to be done for a fulfilling and peaceful life as the
emperor is praying it for us, the symbol of whom he is as our constitution
provides for, but refining my mind is what I am working on and what I suspect
many people want for the purpose. 心の浄化
【Point 1】It is often the case that what you think
is real is what you want to believe is real while the reality is different from
your idea more or less. Since the gap between the two affects the reality surrounding
you, your image of the world decides your life in either good or bad ways,
usually in bad ways. 現実であってほしいと思うことを現実だと思っていることがあるが現実はそうではない。その違いが問題を起こす。
【Point 2】Educating yourself while interacting
directly with the world enlightens and liberates you and improves the
circumstance you are in. For example, if you disturb yourself less as a result
of learning, you will also disturb others less and this will lead to others
disturbing you less. Refining your mind will make various aspects of your
environment better piece by piece. 世界と直接交流することによって自己を教育することにより啓もうされ自由になり状況が改善される。（例）自己改善により他者の態度改善
【Point 3 / Follow-up】It is impossible to
be totally free from attacks on your peace of mind because life is as such, but
it is possible for you to stop abusing your own mind and life. 精神の平和への攻撃を完全に防ぐことはできないが、少なくとも自分の心と人生を痛めつけるのをやめることはできる。
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】Although the world
will not change in a day and living is suffering anyway, improving your own
perception is comparatively easy and helps make your life easier. 世界は1日では変わらないし生きることは苦しむことだが、認識の改善は比較的容易で人生を楽にする助けとなる。
Your Sample Essay Structure
【Introduction = Outline】
【Point 1】
【Point 2】
【Point 3 / Follow-up】
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】
Writing Topic 2 (optional) Emperor Akihito, having expressed his
wish to abdicate several months before, said in his 2017 New Year’s message, “I
pray that people will be able to spend a year in which they find themselves
mentally enriched and at peace.” What do you think we should do to be mentally
enriched and at peace? 心豊かに平和に生きるにどうすべきか
☆Hints for Points
We will be able to spend a year in which we find ourselves mentally
enriched and at peace by …
being good and trying not to do harm to others as much as possible 善人になり他人を傷つけない
staying out of trouble, preparing for problems, and making the world
a better place to live in.
問題を避け、問題に備え、世界を住みやすい場所にする
helping each other and being gentle, modest, and tolerant to each
other. 助け合い優しく謙虚で寛容に
focusing on your duty and enjoying doing jobs. 義務に集中し仕事を楽しむ
getting rid of desires and fears, especially the fears of the
uncertainty of the future, old age, and death.
欲と恐れ、特に将来への不安と老年、死への恐怖をなくす
being calm, considerate, and prudent. 落ち着いて、思いやりがあり、思慮深くなる
having a good sense of humor. ユーモアのセンスを持つ
eliminating bullying. いじめをなくす
appreciating life and nature and being grateful to people doing good
to humankind and the environment
人生と自然に感謝し人類と環境に良いことをしている人たちに感謝する
learning about societies and people, especially those with problems.社会と人について学ぶ
promoting fairness and seeking for peaceful coexistence. 公正を促進し平和的共存を模索する
helping improve lives of those who are vulnerable and suffering. 弱者の生活改善を助ける
seeing the positive side of the world, reminding yourself of the
facts that prove it. 世界の良い面を見る
cherishing the beautiful things and the happiest moments or
memories.
美しいものや最も幸せな瞬間あるいは記憶を大切にする
picturing angels or whatever is delightful when there is nothing
else to do and no hope left.
希望以外何も残っていない時は天使や喜ばしいものを何でも思い浮かべる
☆Sample Essay Structure
【Introduction = Outline】It is obvious that
many kinds of things have to be done for a fulfilling and peaceful life as the
emperor is praying it for us, the symbol of whom he is as our constitution
provides for, but refining my mind is what I am working on and what I suspect
many people want for the purpose. 心の浄化
【Point 1】It is often the case that what you think
is real is what you want to believe is real while the reality is different from
your idea more or less. Since the gap between the two affects the reality surrounding
you, your image of the world decides your life in either good or bad ways,
usually in bad ways. 現実であってほしいと思うことを現実だと思っていることがあるが現実はそうではない。その違いが問題を起こす。
【Point 2】Educating yourself while interacting
directly with the world enlightens and liberates you and improves the
circumstance you are in. For example, if you disturb yourself less as a result
of learning, you will also disturb others less and this will lead to others
disturbing you less. Refining your mind will make various aspects of your
environment better piece by piece. 世界と直接交流することによって自己を教育することにより啓もうされ自由になり状況が改善される。（例）自己改善により他者の態度改善
【Point 3 / Follow-up】It is impossible to
be totally free from attacks on your peace of mind because life is as such, but
it is possible for you to stop abusing your own mind and life. 精神の平和への攻撃を完全に防ぐことはできないが、少なくとも自分の心と人生を痛めつけるのをやめることはできる。
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】Although the world
will not change in a day and living is suffering anyway, improving your own
perception is comparatively easy and helps make your life easier. 世界は1日では変わらないし生きることは苦しむことだが、認識の改善は比較的容易で人生を楽にする助けとなる。
Your Sample Essay Structure
【Introduction = Outline】
【Point 1】
【Point 2】
【Point 3 / Follow-up】
【Conclusion = Wrap-up】
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