1. Crummell would not be satisfied with the present language situation in Africa because he thinks it is good for the black to grow up using language of Westerners as their mother tongue while this has not happened in Africa, where milliard of languages are still alive and one who is ambitious faces necessity to use his second tongue to be a successful person and to form a culture for his country.
2. pros: internationally active (communication, business, adopting foreign culture)
cons: separation from indigenous culture (language = culture)
3. On the surface, the language situation in Japan and that in Africa might look the same, the people communicating in a common language, but the actual circumstances are gravely different, one providing a much more favorable environment for development and sophistication of a culture than the other. Japanese speak their mother tongue which is part of their tradition. This situation provide perfect matrix for well-rounded evolution of their tradition. On the other hand, given that their common languages are not directly rooted in their cultures and merely play the role of a communication tool that barely help convey common denominators of each concept, building a mature culture common to all ethnic groups in a county might be almost impossible, especially when many areas still suffer from civil wars, which are a legacy of colonial period whose policy was to separate Africans and make them hate each other.
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