2011/12/07 (Wed) Slept from 2:00-7:00 (5 hrs). Since I noticed that fits of hands and arms usually occur when they are in futon, I put gloves on and slept with them outside of futon. It is too cold to do so without gloves. Only electric shocks to my head occurred. A strong shock accompanied by a Goh sound woke me up around 7:00. While kept sitting in futon with my face down, I got hit by electric shocks in the head one after another.
Went to Shibuya to submit some documents, dropped by an appliance shop, came back to my station, and studied in the fast food shop till 19:00.
The book I finished yesterday was about insanity (Winter in Flanders by Otohiko Kaga). The place is an asylum in France. The chilling part of the last scene is the reaction of the doctors and the administrator when one of the doctors, a renowned psychiatrist, acknowledged, without emotion other than euphoria about the experience, the accusation that he had been molesting one of his patients, a beautiful young boy who is diagnosed as an idiot and habitually steels ticket machines. The focus of the attention of the people is not on the victim but on the sanity of the doctor and the reputation of the hospital. None mentions the feeling and healing of the boy, despite the fact that the allegation was originally made by the boy himself. They are relieved by the molester’ s explanation that the boy’s father, the accuser, is a drunk and no one would believe in him. And all the people are described in the book as fundamentally good in nature. One who cannot speak for oneself is made little of and taken advantage of.
The book actually does not focus on the insanity of the mass, but I am intrigued by that part. And the author has written well enough to also show that part of humanity. Another example is the image people in town have about the boy’s sister, a young beautiful nurse with distinct opinions who works at the asylum. People in the whole town believe that she sleeps with anyone－to be precise, a rich old lady of authority sais so to her lover and a doctor who would commit suicide later tells a lie that she has his child to his ex-partner, who is a reserved but individualistic person－but her virginity was proved by her lover, another alienated person, a Japanese doctor who was on a prolonged study at the asylum, at the end of the story. The mute and the minority tend to fall victim to the insanity of the “normal” people. Same old story, but again chilling and sickening.
If I had not started to speak out what was done to me when I was harassed so that others would know that some of them were doing nastier things than them, chances are that I would still be suffering from those harassments. I could have shouted much earlier but I did not because I thought they had family and life. I did not start shouting till 99.999%, including their daughters and wives and mothers, of the people I meet started harassing me, often in concert.
It is sickening to realize that there are people whose mute status is taken advantage of and who are suffering in various degrees in various ways.
It is one year since WikiLeaks angered the US government for their action which was a result of trying to help the oppressed, those who are taken advantage of. WikiLeaks did not target America in the beginning, and has not throughout. It is just because the US is involved in almost all the vices happening on this planet that WikiLeaks ended up releasing documents that revealed the dark sides of America.
Transparent governments, not transparent individuals, said Julian Assange, one of the most beautiful minds living now.
2011年12月6日火曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
2011/12/05 (Mon) Slept from 2:00-6:00 + 6:30-9:30 (4 + 3 hrs). Incessant electric shocks. Frequent flashes and fits. Used the pot to cover my head. Woke up by the game/car-lake noise around 6:00. Went to bathroom, took medicine, and tried to sleep again around 6:30, when a very strong shock caused very big fits, three times in a row, of my left arm which was in my futon placed on the small heater on my stomach. When woke up around 9:00 by my alarm clock, the noises in my head were loud. Several minutes after I got up, the funny feelings in my head occurred.
On my way from work, I was sitting in the train on the Hanzomon line. A thin, small, rather old man was standing in front of me. I thought of giving up my seat, but he did not look thus old or tired. Remembering a man was offended when I offered my seat long time ago, I stayed in my seat. After several stations, the woman next to me left and the small man in front of me sat in turn. I stayed in my seat. This I had never done probably for ten years because I was harassed, mainly touched, by the males sitting next to me almost without exception. I still jump out of the seat when a male, if not a child, sits next to me, but the small man had shown no sign of harassing me all the way. He did not harass me after he sat next to me, either. Moreover, it seemed that he was making sure any part of his body not touch my body. I had been reading my English dictionary and kept reading it until I came to my station. When I looked up when the train came close to my station, I noticed some males standing near me were tense and one of them was staring at the space between the small man and me. He seemed to have an intense interest in that space.
I had felt good that I was able to sit with another passenger like I used to do before this harassment started, just like other people do, sitting side by side with another passenger regardless of the difference between the person and me, and therefore I was a little surprised by the direction those men ‘s attention went to: whether my body was touching the body of another male or not. I had expected that other passengers who were standing around me and saw I did not get away from the small man had been feeling peace because I showed that I am not so agitated anymore by the harassment people have done to me.
I would have been shocked, instead of being surprised, by the finding but I am too used to finding the sickening reality to get really shocked and disenchanted. I am recording this just to put what I saw into words.
2011/12/06 (Tue) Slept from 3:00-4:00 + 7:30-10:00 (1 + 2.5 hrs). As I felt that I was not going to be able to sleep partly because I felt as if there were some excited people in the next room, I started reading a Japanese novel that I had been reading in this early summer on my way from Funabashi and had stopped because of eye fatigue. My eyes got tired around 3:00 and I was taking a rest lying face up with my right arm covering my eyes and left arm in the futon placed on a small heater on my stomach, and in a few minutes a strong beam-like electric shock hit the area between my ears and a second later a big fit occurred to my arm in the futon. I tried to sleep but an anger caught me. I got up and kicked the wall I felt I heard a noise Goh when I had the shock and fit. My phone fell. I placed it back but did not notice the line, whose plug is broken and loose, was off until after I got up in the morning.
I slept about an hour and woke/woken up by a noise or a shock. I read the rest of the book and went to sleep again around 7:30. I think I was attacked by the electric shocks because I remember covering my head with the pot I often use to avoid attacks during sleep.
Somewhere between the second sleep and the time was woke up again and stayed in futon, blinking flashes started in the back of my eyes, I pulled out my head from the pot but it continued. I moved my body but it still continued, in addition to the light, I felt some pressures, which occulted in sync with the blinks, in the back of my eyes. I moved my body again and in ten seconds the blinking and the pressures stopped.
I got up, ate, and got ready to leave home as soon as possible. I had an appointment for the dentist’s but had one and a half hours, so I went to the fast food restaurant in the station, where I carelessly ordered food even though I remembered the appointment. I think my brain was still sleeping. I did not notice my mistake until the dentist dug up a piece of cream out of the area between back teeth. I apologized profusely. I should have been embarrassed but as I have the same kind of experiences since this harassment especially the noise one started, I am used to my losing dignity.
The thing that makes me angry, about myself, is that I have hurt someone and that I failed to make myself happy even for a short second, because of this lack of alertness and sensitivity to the finest feelings due to sleep deprivation and the attacks. Of course I am rather insensitive to or slow to understand some kind of feelings of others but not, I think, to the degree that I was this summer:
Early this summer, someone said that he wouldn’t be able to sleep, after having a harmless fun chat, and I took it literally and gave him advice to sleep well while noticing and wondering about his expression changing from a gentle smile to that of witnessing a monster or something. I did not realize or thought of the possibility of the implication of the expression till November, even though I had heard the expression used to mean something other than a fit of insomnia and even though I myself used the expression for that usage in this blog in late summer, which also I had forgotten until recently. (My memories are so fragmented. It is amazing that I am still barely functioning at work) This was also probably because I have been alien to love and affection directed to me, even at a level of possibility, for a long long time. Humiliation and violence are the main things everyone has been giving to me until really recently. I should have been all the happier with the gentleness of his words after all the hell I had experienced and as I had been kind of attracted by him. When I think about this I have a feeling of loss and when I think about how the man felt about my reaction I feel desperate. Most of the time when I act insensitive, there is some fault or two on the other side, but he had nothing to blame.
After the dentist’s, I went back to the fast food restaurant and stayed there working till around 20:00. I think I was a little nervous about other customers probably because I was short of sleep.
On my way from work, I was sitting in the train on the Hanzomon line. A thin, small, rather old man was standing in front of me. I thought of giving up my seat, but he did not look thus old or tired. Remembering a man was offended when I offered my seat long time ago, I stayed in my seat. After several stations, the woman next to me left and the small man in front of me sat in turn. I stayed in my seat. This I had never done probably for ten years because I was harassed, mainly touched, by the males sitting next to me almost without exception. I still jump out of the seat when a male, if not a child, sits next to me, but the small man had shown no sign of harassing me all the way. He did not harass me after he sat next to me, either. Moreover, it seemed that he was making sure any part of his body not touch my body. I had been reading my English dictionary and kept reading it until I came to my station. When I looked up when the train came close to my station, I noticed some males standing near me were tense and one of them was staring at the space between the small man and me. He seemed to have an intense interest in that space.
I had felt good that I was able to sit with another passenger like I used to do before this harassment started, just like other people do, sitting side by side with another passenger regardless of the difference between the person and me, and therefore I was a little surprised by the direction those men ‘s attention went to: whether my body was touching the body of another male or not. I had expected that other passengers who were standing around me and saw I did not get away from the small man had been feeling peace because I showed that I am not so agitated anymore by the harassment people have done to me.
I would have been shocked, instead of being surprised, by the finding but I am too used to finding the sickening reality to get really shocked and disenchanted. I am recording this just to put what I saw into words.
2011/12/06 (Tue) Slept from 3:00-4:00 + 7:30-10:00 (1 + 2.5 hrs). As I felt that I was not going to be able to sleep partly because I felt as if there were some excited people in the next room, I started reading a Japanese novel that I had been reading in this early summer on my way from Funabashi and had stopped because of eye fatigue. My eyes got tired around 3:00 and I was taking a rest lying face up with my right arm covering my eyes and left arm in the futon placed on a small heater on my stomach, and in a few minutes a strong beam-like electric shock hit the area between my ears and a second later a big fit occurred to my arm in the futon. I tried to sleep but an anger caught me. I got up and kicked the wall I felt I heard a noise Goh when I had the shock and fit. My phone fell. I placed it back but did not notice the line, whose plug is broken and loose, was off until after I got up in the morning.
I slept about an hour and woke/woken up by a noise or a shock. I read the rest of the book and went to sleep again around 7:30. I think I was attacked by the electric shocks because I remember covering my head with the pot I often use to avoid attacks during sleep.
Somewhere between the second sleep and the time was woke up again and stayed in futon, blinking flashes started in the back of my eyes, I pulled out my head from the pot but it continued. I moved my body but it still continued, in addition to the light, I felt some pressures, which occulted in sync with the blinks, in the back of my eyes. I moved my body again and in ten seconds the blinking and the pressures stopped.
I got up, ate, and got ready to leave home as soon as possible. I had an appointment for the dentist’s but had one and a half hours, so I went to the fast food restaurant in the station, where I carelessly ordered food even though I remembered the appointment. I think my brain was still sleeping. I did not notice my mistake until the dentist dug up a piece of cream out of the area between back teeth. I apologized profusely. I should have been embarrassed but as I have the same kind of experiences since this harassment especially the noise one started, I am used to my losing dignity.
The thing that makes me angry, about myself, is that I have hurt someone and that I failed to make myself happy even for a short second, because of this lack of alertness and sensitivity to the finest feelings due to sleep deprivation and the attacks. Of course I am rather insensitive to or slow to understand some kind of feelings of others but not, I think, to the degree that I was this summer:
Early this summer, someone said that he wouldn’t be able to sleep, after having a harmless fun chat, and I took it literally and gave him advice to sleep well while noticing and wondering about his expression changing from a gentle smile to that of witnessing a monster or something. I did not realize or thought of the possibility of the implication of the expression till November, even though I had heard the expression used to mean something other than a fit of insomnia and even though I myself used the expression for that usage in this blog in late summer, which also I had forgotten until recently. (My memories are so fragmented. It is amazing that I am still barely functioning at work) This was also probably because I have been alien to love and affection directed to me, even at a level of possibility, for a long long time. Humiliation and violence are the main things everyone has been giving to me until really recently. I should have been all the happier with the gentleness of his words after all the hell I had experienced and as I had been kind of attracted by him. When I think about this I have a feeling of loss and when I think about how the man felt about my reaction I feel desperate. Most of the time when I act insensitive, there is some fault or two on the other side, but he had nothing to blame.
After the dentist’s, I went back to the fast food restaurant and stayed there working till around 20:00. I think I was a little nervous about other customers probably because I was short of sleep.
2011年12月4日日曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
2011/12/03 (Sat) Slept from 3:00-7:00 + 8:20-10:20 (4 + 2 hrs). The game/car-like noise when going to sleep. Also, flashes blinking to the noise in my closed eyes. I woke up at 7:00 because the noises in my head became loud, the tone going up and down suddenly. It was like those shocks between ears I usually have occurred slowly. In other words, the magnetic fields influencing the electric currents in my head changed its voltage slowly. When trying to sleep again around 8:20, attacked by electric shocks incessantly. When I got up, my eyes were very tired, and I still saw blinking flash, which lasted till late afternoon, around 16:00.
I had little time for lunch got food at the coffee shop in the same building my office is in. I seldom go there partly because it costs more than twice as much as the noodle shop where I usually have lunch and partly because I used to get harassed by other customers there, but today no one harassed me. Also, often, one time twice or three times in a row, had upset stomach exactly thirty minutes after eating the sandwich there till last year or the year before last. (My diet and clothing were the same as other days. No strange food nor too tight waist.) Though I remember the senior person of the shop at that time was not evil. Today, I decided to trust them and ate their sandwich for the first time in a year or two. I did not have upset stomach. The sandwich tasted very good!
On my way home on the platform of Hanzomon-line at Nagatacho, I was walking alone while many people were coming from the other side, when I was a few meters from a column and saw a young man coming from the other side and at a couple of meters before the column, I suddenly turned around, walked back about 5 -8 meters to the place with more space, where I turned around again and made for the direction I was first in.
I used to do this to escape harassment. Most people, especially males used to unnecessarily come near me with vicious smiles often looking into my eyes, almost brushing me or sometimes actually brushing or bumping into me when I was careless or upset, when I passed them. Many males made a few big strides toward me with scary smiles and made an action of bumping their body to mine or looked into my eye when passing, often holding their mobile phones up near in front of their faces. And that almost surely happened when I was walking between some large structure and a mass of people.
The young man I avoided passing today did not look dangerous. He had no sign of harassing me, even looked calm and nice. I recognized it and did not feel scared, at least on the conscious level, but my body automatically got away from passing him, from the same situation I used to have bad experience in.
I feel sorry for doing this and want to apologize people whom I avoided despite no threat on their side.
Sometimes, till very recently, when someone coming from the other side is looking down and looked Ok harassed me when we passed each other. Most of them were males.
2011/12/04 (Sun) Slept from 2:30-7:30 + 8:00-11:00 (5 + 3 hrs). A big fit from head to chest right after I started trying to sleep. After that, incessant shocks mainly to head. Weak electric shocks when I woke up around 11:00. Funny feeling in my head and teeth for a short time when I was using the washing machine. No funny feeling when I did dishes after that.
I had little time for lunch got food at the coffee shop in the same building my office is in. I seldom go there partly because it costs more than twice as much as the noodle shop where I usually have lunch and partly because I used to get harassed by other customers there, but today no one harassed me. Also, often, one time twice or three times in a row, had upset stomach exactly thirty minutes after eating the sandwich there till last year or the year before last. (My diet and clothing were the same as other days. No strange food nor too tight waist.) Though I remember the senior person of the shop at that time was not evil. Today, I decided to trust them and ate their sandwich for the first time in a year or two. I did not have upset stomach. The sandwich tasted very good!
On my way home on the platform of Hanzomon-line at Nagatacho, I was walking alone while many people were coming from the other side, when I was a few meters from a column and saw a young man coming from the other side and at a couple of meters before the column, I suddenly turned around, walked back about 5 -8 meters to the place with more space, where I turned around again and made for the direction I was first in.
I used to do this to escape harassment. Most people, especially males used to unnecessarily come near me with vicious smiles often looking into my eyes, almost brushing me or sometimes actually brushing or bumping into me when I was careless or upset, when I passed them. Many males made a few big strides toward me with scary smiles and made an action of bumping their body to mine or looked into my eye when passing, often holding their mobile phones up near in front of their faces. And that almost surely happened when I was walking between some large structure and a mass of people.
The young man I avoided passing today did not look dangerous. He had no sign of harassing me, even looked calm and nice. I recognized it and did not feel scared, at least on the conscious level, but my body automatically got away from passing him, from the same situation I used to have bad experience in.
I feel sorry for doing this and want to apologize people whom I avoided despite no threat on their side.
Sometimes, till very recently, when someone coming from the other side is looking down and looked Ok harassed me when we passed each other. Most of them were males.
2011/12/04 (Sun) Slept from 2:30-7:30 + 8:00-11:00 (5 + 3 hrs). A big fit from head to chest right after I started trying to sleep. After that, incessant shocks mainly to head. Weak electric shocks when I woke up around 11:00. Funny feeling in my head and teeth for a short time when I was using the washing machine. No funny feeling when I did dishes after that.
2011年12月2日金曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
2011/12/02 (Fri) Slept from 1:00-5:30 + 6:00-9:30 (4.5 +3.5 hrs). Electric shocks came to my legs and head when going to sleep. I was woken up around 5:30 by the game/car-like noise and the noises in my head became/had become loud and wavy, which phenomenon I had not had for weeks. The moment I got up, the noises became less loud. After going to the bathroom, taking cold medicine, and coming back, the noise was much less louder. And when I covered my head with the thick pot, they became weak. In thirty minutes, they had become normal.
Woke up again around 9:30 but stayed in bed for about an hour. While I was sitting in my bed looking down with my face covered with my hands, a rather strong electric shock hit my brain.
Worked on my PC in the afternoon, and went out to print out some documents, my printer being out of ink, and stayed in the fast-food restaurant at the station for an hour or so. When I left, the shop looked like a school library or cafeteria, most visitors seemed to be high school students, happy and gentle, and most of them were studying. Even the smoking room did not smell tobacco at all. It was nice.
Woke up again around 9:30 but stayed in bed for about an hour. While I was sitting in my bed looking down with my face covered with my hands, a rather strong electric shock hit my brain.
Worked on my PC in the afternoon, and went out to print out some documents, my printer being out of ink, and stayed in the fast-food restaurant at the station for an hour or so. When I left, the shop looked like a school library or cafeteria, most visitors seemed to be high school students, happy and gentle, and most of them were studying. Even the smoking room did not smell tobacco at all. It was nice.
Class Supplement (TOEFL Essay Writing, TOEFL independent writing・英語ショートエッセイに関する注意事項)
今回で今学期のTest Writing (月曜)の授業は終わりです。TOEFL independent writing (Test Writingの授業で練習したタイプのテスト)や大学受験の英文ショートエッセイ問題に解答する際の注意事項を今までの総復習をかねて確認しておきたいと思います。
《準備》
良いエッセイを書くために日頃から行っておくとよいこととしては、１）良い文章を読む ２）問題意識を持つ等がありますが、受験日が近くなると以下のようなことをすることも必要です。
♦実際に書いて練習しておく 授業では基本に忠実なエッセイ構成と段落展開を練習しました。また、実際に書いてみてより完成度の高いエッセイへのイメージはつかめたことと思います。レッスンで身につけたことを定着・維持・発展させるために「書く」ことを今後も続けましょう。TOEFLの実際の課題（URL→http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TEOFL/pdf)や大学入試の過去問に目を通し、特に書きづらそうなものを選んで書いて見ましょう。その際、最低２回書きます。最初は30分に時間を設定して書き、自分で添削するか誰かに添削してもらい、もう一度時間制限無しで書き直します。
♦添削済み答案の書き直し 自己添削では見つかりにくいミスや悪い癖を授業の添削済み答案の書き込みで確認し、それらに注意しながら書き直しましょう。
♦主な時事問題と自分の研究課題・趣味をまとめておく 環境問題、貧困対策、グローバル化等の時事問題と自分の趣味・研究課題を100語前後の英文にまとめておきましょう。
♦英文読後日記をつける 英字新聞・雑誌の記事・社説・投稿等を読み、要約と感想を各１～２文の英文にまとめましょう。具体例の材料集めと表現力をつけるのに役立ちます。
♦基本文法問題で典型的なミスをチェック 英文エッセイの試験ではきちんとした英文を書くことが最も重要です。文法の誤文訂正問題で典型的な文法ミスをチェックしておきましょう。また、文法の評価が１～２になることが多い人は文法の基本例文を言って書けるようにしましょう。
♦手本の書写と要約 文法・表現力の評価が３になることが多い人は模範解答やBarron’s Writing for the TOEFL iBT等のsample essayの書写をお勧めします。意味単位ごとに写すと表現が身につきやすくなります。ただ写すのではなく内容を取りながら行ってください。最後に内容を要約します。最初は各段落のMain Ideaを抜き出し、次に自分の言葉で言い換えます。
《試験本番》
以下の注意点は普段の練習で実践し本番では自然にできるようにしておきましょう。
♦手順を守る 1. 課題の確認 2. Brainstormingと構成 3. 書く4. 見直し の流れで書く。（あせらずに、1～4の手順を守ってきちんとしたエッセイにすることを目指しましょう。）
1. 課題の確認
♦予想外の課題が出てもあわてない 英作文の力を見るテストであって知識を試すテストではないことを忘れず、自分に分かる範囲内で論理性のある答案を書きましょう。
♦課題の条件を見落とさない 例えば ”Parents are the best teachers for children (ages between 1-12).”の場合、eighth graders (中学生)を例に挙げることはできません。課題を正確に読み取ることが、期待される水準の答案を書く第一歩です。
2. Brainstormingと構成
♦まず論点と構成を明確にしてから書き始める 実際に書く前に数分かけてよいのでBrainstormingと構成の作業をしてエッセイの骨組みを作りましょう。Brainstormingは「頭の中の材料を外に出す作業」です。思いついたことを箇条書きで書き出すかPC画面に打ち込みます。構成ではBrainstormingで書き出した材料を整理し、１）topicごとにまとめ〈1 paragraph = 1 topic〉 ２）重要な順に本論の段落順を決め、最初に導入、最後に結論の段落を付けます。
♦英文エッセイの基本構造を崩さない 奇抜な構成のエッセイで評価が上がることはありません。基本のエッセイ構造に従って書きましょう。評価されるのは論証のうまさと表現力です。
3. 書く
♦読み手に話しかけるようなつもりで書くと同時にきちんとした書き言葉を心がける 実際に書き始めたら論証に集中します。読み手を身近な人に想定してその人に説明するような気持ちで書いてゆくのも良いと思います。ただし、きちんとした書き言葉を使うことだけは留意しましょう。
♦客観的な文章にする 書く内容を考える際に自分にとって身近なことから考えてゆくことはアイディアを出す上で大切ですが、考えを文章に変換するときは客観的な言い方を心がけましょう。コツとしては、主語が I ではなく People や Students などのより一般的な人や 形式主語のItあるいは無生物主語で文を始めると客観的な文章にしやすくなります。特に個人的な好みや選択を述べる部分以外でこの点に気をつけることが大切です。
♦当然予測される反論は取り上げて反論への反論をする 高スコアを目指す場合、反論の処理は避けて通れません。反論の処理により内容が充実し、合格ラインの語数をクリアできます。
１）反論処理用の段落を作る または ２）各段落の適所で反論を処理するようにしましょう。
♦内容を掘り下げる 漠然としたtopicに趣味関連で解答する場合、人生観・問題意識を入れて内容を深める努力をしましょう。♦よく知らない単語や使い慣れない構文は使わない 本番では実力を最大限に発揮することが大切です。背伸びをしたり迷ったりすると失敗しがちです。
♦同じ単語・表現を繰り返さない 表現力がないと思われますので同じ語・表現の繰り返しは２回程度にとどめましょう。別の語を思いつかない場合は主語や構文自体を変えてみましょう。
♦前置きは短めにする 導入の段落は主張とその理由があれば合格点の範囲内です。例えばいつもI agree with the statement that …(Writing Topicのstatement) . I have two reasons to support my opinion.のように書き出している場合、（このままでも良いですが）第2文を主張の理由を簡潔に述べたものにすると十分な導入になります。うまい前置きがあれば更に良いでしょうが時間配分も考えて主題は早めに簡潔に示すのが無難です。（主題は２行目位までに書くべきだと言う人もいます。） ♦論じ方の説明はしない 長い論文を書くわけではないので導入後はすぐ論証に入りましょう。 ♦導入に具体例は入れない 具体例は本論に書きます。 ♦結論に新しいtopicは加えない 結論では全てdiscussし終わっているはずなので新しいtopicは本論に入れましょう。 ♦カンマは迷ったら入れない カンマは次の3つの場合は必ず入れ、その他は入れない方が無難です。１．挿入の前後 ２．副詞（句・節）が文頭に出た時、その副詞の直後（例外: 後ろが倒置の時はカンマ不要） ３．重文（ … and …のような文）の前半が長いか複雑な時、また短くても内容が一区切りしている時、その部分の直後 ♦結論を必ず付ける 結論は総括です。導入と同じ内容を違う表現でまとめます。主張の理由が複数ある場合、それらを一言で表すのも良いし、各理由（本論の各主題）を1個の名詞や形容詞などで表すのも一つの方法です。
4. 見直し
主に論理の矛盾と説明不足に注意して読み直しましょう。
本番の前にはもう一度、基本を守り、論理性・客観性を保ち、沢山書くことを自分に言い聞かせましょう。頑張ってください！
《準備》
良いエッセイを書くために日頃から行っておくとよいこととしては、１）良い文章を読む ２）問題意識を持つ等がありますが、受験日が近くなると以下のようなことをすることも必要です。
♦実際に書いて練習しておく 授業では基本に忠実なエッセイ構成と段落展開を練習しました。また、実際に書いてみてより完成度の高いエッセイへのイメージはつかめたことと思います。レッスンで身につけたことを定着・維持・発展させるために「書く」ことを今後も続けましょう。TOEFLの実際の課題（URL→http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/TEOFL/pdf)や大学入試の過去問に目を通し、特に書きづらそうなものを選んで書いて見ましょう。その際、最低２回書きます。最初は30分に時間を設定して書き、自分で添削するか誰かに添削してもらい、もう一度時間制限無しで書き直します。
♦添削済み答案の書き直し 自己添削では見つかりにくいミスや悪い癖を授業の添削済み答案の書き込みで確認し、それらに注意しながら書き直しましょう。
♦主な時事問題と自分の研究課題・趣味をまとめておく 環境問題、貧困対策、グローバル化等の時事問題と自分の趣味・研究課題を100語前後の英文にまとめておきましょう。
♦英文読後日記をつける 英字新聞・雑誌の記事・社説・投稿等を読み、要約と感想を各１～２文の英文にまとめましょう。具体例の材料集めと表現力をつけるのに役立ちます。
♦基本文法問題で典型的なミスをチェック 英文エッセイの試験ではきちんとした英文を書くことが最も重要です。文法の誤文訂正問題で典型的な文法ミスをチェックしておきましょう。また、文法の評価が１～２になることが多い人は文法の基本例文を言って書けるようにしましょう。
♦手本の書写と要約 文法・表現力の評価が３になることが多い人は模範解答やBarron’s Writing for the TOEFL iBT等のsample essayの書写をお勧めします。意味単位ごとに写すと表現が身につきやすくなります。ただ写すのではなく内容を取りながら行ってください。最後に内容を要約します。最初は各段落のMain Ideaを抜き出し、次に自分の言葉で言い換えます。
《試験本番》
以下の注意点は普段の練習で実践し本番では自然にできるようにしておきましょう。
♦手順を守る 1. 課題の確認 2. Brainstormingと構成 3. 書く4. 見直し の流れで書く。（あせらずに、1～4の手順を守ってきちんとしたエッセイにすることを目指しましょう。）
1. 課題の確認
♦予想外の課題が出てもあわてない 英作文の力を見るテストであって知識を試すテストではないことを忘れず、自分に分かる範囲内で論理性のある答案を書きましょう。
♦課題の条件を見落とさない 例えば ”Parents are the best teachers for children (ages between 1-12).”の場合、eighth graders (中学生)を例に挙げることはできません。課題を正確に読み取ることが、期待される水準の答案を書く第一歩です。
2. Brainstormingと構成
♦まず論点と構成を明確にしてから書き始める 実際に書く前に数分かけてよいのでBrainstormingと構成の作業をしてエッセイの骨組みを作りましょう。Brainstormingは「頭の中の材料を外に出す作業」です。思いついたことを箇条書きで書き出すかPC画面に打ち込みます。構成ではBrainstormingで書き出した材料を整理し、１）topicごとにまとめ〈1 paragraph = 1 topic〉 ２）重要な順に本論の段落順を決め、最初に導入、最後に結論の段落を付けます。
♦英文エッセイの基本構造を崩さない 奇抜な構成のエッセイで評価が上がることはありません。基本のエッセイ構造に従って書きましょう。評価されるのは論証のうまさと表現力です。
3. 書く
♦読み手に話しかけるようなつもりで書くと同時にきちんとした書き言葉を心がける 実際に書き始めたら論証に集中します。読み手を身近な人に想定してその人に説明するような気持ちで書いてゆくのも良いと思います。ただし、きちんとした書き言葉を使うことだけは留意しましょう。
♦客観的な文章にする 書く内容を考える際に自分にとって身近なことから考えてゆくことはアイディアを出す上で大切ですが、考えを文章に変換するときは客観的な言い方を心がけましょう。コツとしては、主語が I ではなく People や Students などのより一般的な人や 形式主語のItあるいは無生物主語で文を始めると客観的な文章にしやすくなります。特に個人的な好みや選択を述べる部分以外でこの点に気をつけることが大切です。
♦当然予測される反論は取り上げて反論への反論をする 高スコアを目指す場合、反論の処理は避けて通れません。反論の処理により内容が充実し、合格ラインの語数をクリアできます。
１）反論処理用の段落を作る または ２）各段落の適所で反論を処理するようにしましょう。
♦内容を掘り下げる 漠然としたtopicに趣味関連で解答する場合、人生観・問題意識を入れて内容を深める努力をしましょう。♦よく知らない単語や使い慣れない構文は使わない 本番では実力を最大限に発揮することが大切です。背伸びをしたり迷ったりすると失敗しがちです。
♦同じ単語・表現を繰り返さない 表現力がないと思われますので同じ語・表現の繰り返しは２回程度にとどめましょう。別の語を思いつかない場合は主語や構文自体を変えてみましょう。
♦前置きは短めにする 導入の段落は主張とその理由があれば合格点の範囲内です。例えばいつもI agree with the statement that …(Writing Topicのstatement) . I have two reasons to support my opinion.のように書き出している場合、（このままでも良いですが）第2文を主張の理由を簡潔に述べたものにすると十分な導入になります。うまい前置きがあれば更に良いでしょうが時間配分も考えて主題は早めに簡潔に示すのが無難です。（主題は２行目位までに書くべきだと言う人もいます。） ♦論じ方の説明はしない 長い論文を書くわけではないので導入後はすぐ論証に入りましょう。 ♦導入に具体例は入れない 具体例は本論に書きます。 ♦結論に新しいtopicは加えない 結論では全てdiscussし終わっているはずなので新しいtopicは本論に入れましょう。 ♦カンマは迷ったら入れない カンマは次の3つの場合は必ず入れ、その他は入れない方が無難です。１．挿入の前後 ２．副詞（句・節）が文頭に出た時、その副詞の直後（例外: 後ろが倒置の時はカンマ不要） ３．重文（ … and …のような文）の前半が長いか複雑な時、また短くても内容が一区切りしている時、その部分の直後 ♦結論を必ず付ける 結論は総括です。導入と同じ内容を違う表現でまとめます。主張の理由が複数ある場合、それらを一言で表すのも良いし、各理由（本論の各主題）を1個の名詞や形容詞などで表すのも一つの方法です。
4. 見直し
主に論理の矛盾と説明不足に注意して読み直しましょう。
本番の前にはもう一度、基本を守り、論理性・客観性を保ち、沢山書くことを自分に言い聞かせましょう。頑張ってください！
Class Supplement, TOEIC Part 5, Grammar Practice
Conditionals
1. We don’t know if the customer will accept our offer. What will you say if he ----- no?
A) said B) will say C) had said D) says
2. The customer is going to accept the offer. But what would you say if he ----- no?
A) said B) will say C) had said D) is going to say
3. The weatherman is not sure whether it will rain or not tomorrow. If the weather ----- fine tomorrow, I will do it for you tomorrow afternoon.
A) were B) was C) is D) will be
4. It’s raining. If the weather ----- fine today, I would go check the construction site.
A) were B) is C) will be D) has been
5. Ken was going to ask for a one-month leave. We don’t know what the supervisor said to him about the leave.
What do you think Ken said if the supervisor ----- no?
A) said B) will say C) says D) is going to say
6. I would not be still doing this job if it ----- for the customers who enjoy our products.
A) isn’t B) were not C) has not been D) had been
7. If the tech had still been in our office then, he ----- to our project a lot.
A) would have contributed B) will contribute C) would contribute D) contributed
8. If the computer ----- invented, it would take years to do this job.
A) wasn’t B) hadn’t been C) wouldn’t be D) wouldn’t have been
9. It is crucial that it ----- done at once.
A) be B) were C) being D) will be
10. If you ----- unable to make it to the meeting held this evening, would you contact us as soon as possible?
A) would be B) were C) should be D) will be
1. We don’t know if the customer will accept our offer. What will you say if he ----- no?
A) said B) will say C) had said D) says
2. The customer is going to accept the offer. But what would you say if he ----- no?
A) said B) will say C) had said D) is going to say
3. The weatherman is not sure whether it will rain or not tomorrow. If the weather ----- fine tomorrow, I will do it for you tomorrow afternoon.
A) were B) was C) is D) will be
4. It’s raining. If the weather ----- fine today, I would go check the construction site.
A) were B) is C) will be D) has been
5. Ken was going to ask for a one-month leave. We don’t know what the supervisor said to him about the leave.
What do you think Ken said if the supervisor ----- no?
A) said B) will say C) says D) is going to say
6. I would not be still doing this job if it ----- for the customers who enjoy our products.
A) isn’t B) were not C) has not been D) had been
7. If the tech had still been in our office then, he ----- to our project a lot.
A) would have contributed B) will contribute C) would contribute D) contributed
8. If the computer ----- invented, it would take years to do this job.
A) wasn’t B) hadn’t been C) wouldn’t be D) wouldn’t have been
9. It is crucial that it ----- done at once.
A) be B) were C) being D) will be
10. If you ----- unable to make it to the meeting held this evening, would you contact us as soon as possible?
A) would be B) were C) should be D) will be
2011年12月1日木曜日
Supersonic/Electronic Weapon 不特定多数による長期にわたる原因不明の嫌がらせ（６）
2011/12/01 (Thu) Slept from 1:30-6:30 (5 hrs). Three big fits of my legs a little after I set to sleep. My sense tells me that they, as other fits I report almost everyday, are caused by from an outside source, not by my brain. Natural fits accompany some sensation in your brain, but they do not. Weak funny feelings for a short time when doing the dishes.
I have been sleeping without the pot for several days partly because the last time I used it, I got a biggest, electrocuting shock and fit of my brain and partly because the electrocuting shocks have stopped since I started sleeping upside down, with my head placed where I usually place my feet.
Working and studying at the fast-food shop at the station has become my habit on days when I do not have classes. I’ve been there on Tuesday, Wednesday, and today.
Most people do not harass me anymore, at least in the restaurant. Probably because I starting to forget about harassments, when harassed, even when the harassment is a minor one, I get shocked. A little before 18:00 today, a high school girl who had been in the corner two tables away from mine moved her leg closer to me in a semicircle exactly when I found one question difficult and started thinking about it seriously. Maybe I am too sensitive and just imagining things, but the timing and the way she moved her leg are a combination that has been performed to me uncountable times over the past five years or so, especially on trains and in class, usually with vicious smiles till recently. I looked into her face and in a couple of second cold eyes met with mine. I felt sick and left the place.
About an hour before that, a male who had been sitting quietly next to me loudly stood up and left apparently indignant when I had finished solving questions of an English reading passage and found them all wrong and tried to make sure if I was referring to correct answers. The male’s behavior might have had nothing to do with my actions, but this combination, me finding my answers wrong and people around me showing some strange and often nasty behaviors such as coughing loudly, or looking into my eyes with vicious smils, or sticking their legs with their feet rolling, has been familiar, too. I have had this mainly on the train for at least 8 years. By the way, the passage was about influence of noises (IELYS 7, Test 4 Reading Passage 3). I’m doing this test textbook because I bought this for my private class one and a half years ago, but did not use, the student having changed the country where she was going to study, and because I find it a good textbook.
I have also become nervous about prying toward me or actions that look like it, about which I think I was rather indifferent before this experience of mass harassment. For example, I got nervous when someone looked at the plastic bag I was carrying this evening. The action reminded me of the behavior that also started around 8 years ago and gradually died down over the past few years, the behavior of looking into my everyday purchase, often sneering or staring and/or saying something critical or at least seemed to be related to my purchase, in supermarkets or in streets.
I think I can forget this experience if there is no one who reminds me of it.
I have been sleeping without the pot for several days partly because the last time I used it, I got a biggest, electrocuting shock and fit of my brain and partly because the electrocuting shocks have stopped since I started sleeping upside down, with my head placed where I usually place my feet.
Working and studying at the fast-food shop at the station has become my habit on days when I do not have classes. I’ve been there on Tuesday, Wednesday, and today.
Most people do not harass me anymore, at least in the restaurant. Probably because I starting to forget about harassments, when harassed, even when the harassment is a minor one, I get shocked. A little before 18:00 today, a high school girl who had been in the corner two tables away from mine moved her leg closer to me in a semicircle exactly when I found one question difficult and started thinking about it seriously. Maybe I am too sensitive and just imagining things, but the timing and the way she moved her leg are a combination that has been performed to me uncountable times over the past five years or so, especially on trains and in class, usually with vicious smiles till recently. I looked into her face and in a couple of second cold eyes met with mine. I felt sick and left the place.
About an hour before that, a male who had been sitting quietly next to me loudly stood up and left apparently indignant when I had finished solving questions of an English reading passage and found them all wrong and tried to make sure if I was referring to correct answers. The male’s behavior might have had nothing to do with my actions, but this combination, me finding my answers wrong and people around me showing some strange and often nasty behaviors such as coughing loudly, or looking into my eyes with vicious smils, or sticking their legs with their feet rolling, has been familiar, too. I have had this mainly on the train for at least 8 years. By the way, the passage was about influence of noises (IELYS 7, Test 4 Reading Passage 3). I’m doing this test textbook because I bought this for my private class one and a half years ago, but did not use, the student having changed the country where she was going to study, and because I find it a good textbook.
I have also become nervous about prying toward me or actions that look like it, about which I think I was rather indifferent before this experience of mass harassment. For example, I got nervous when someone looked at the plastic bag I was carrying this evening. The action reminded me of the behavior that also started around 8 years ago and gradually died down over the past few years, the behavior of looking into my everyday purchase, often sneering or staring and/or saying something critical or at least seemed to be related to my purchase, in supermarkets or in streets.
I think I can forget this experience if there is no one who reminds me of it.
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