Bats
Bats are the only animals c able of true flight except for insects
and birds. There are about 1.000 species of bats w e and their o r is called Chiroptera, which means
hand-wing. Their sizes range from the size of bumblebees to those with w ns up to six feet. About 70 percent
of all bats eat insects and there are species that eat fruit or n r, frogs and lizards, or fish. There
is one species that f s on blood
of m ls. Bats have wings c sed of a thin m ne that covers a f k of bones a ly similar to human hands, which gives
great a ty in flight. They are
so n ble that they can turn 90 d s in a distance shorter than their own
body l h. The wing s e is large and creates immense l t that enables a bat to carry its n sing offspring and up to twice as heavy
as its body. The insect-eating bats have a skill called e tion. A bat sends out up to 200
high-p ed squeaks per second
and p sses the information of
the sound w es that b d back from an object to it. When the
bat i ts the object as an insect, it s ps ahead and catches it. It was once e ted that a bat’s sonar was about a
billion times more s tive than
the best man-made sonar or radar.
Erikson’s Eight Psychosocial Stages
Erik Erikson believed that the p gical development of individuals
depends on the social relations e
hed at mainly eight p
cial stages, where individuals c t
and must successfully n e
special problems or c ses
to be prepared for the next psychosocial tasks. During the first year of life,
infants must learn that their parents will protect them and provide them with u al love. Successful development of
such trust makes the infant feel safe to try out more a my in the second year, when. with
parents encouragement, they will learn self-control and feeling of pride in
their a ments.
Failure of this phase may lead to lack of self-confidence. P l years are for the development of voluntary
behavior. Some p al
attitudes towards their attempts can make children feel in te or g ty. During the elementary-school years,
the skills valued by society such as the ability to share r ty and to get along with other people
will be acquired. If their efforts are successful, they will develop feeling of
c e
and if unsuccessful, feelings of in
ty.
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