2018年9月1日土曜日

国際教養学部AO入試 supplement, autonomous weapons - rewrite -

Read the following transcript of a CNN report on autonomous weapons and answer the questions.

Should We Fear Killer Robots?  November 14, 2017

Questions
1.    What are autonomous weapons?
                                                                                               
                                                                                               

2.    What is concerned about them?
                                                                                               
                                                                                                
                                                                                               
                                                                                                
                                                                                               
                                                                                               

3.    Suppose you were an infantry soldier of a developed country. Do you think you would welcome the use of autonomous weapons in operations? Why or why not?
                                                                                               
                                                                                                
                                                                                               
                                                                                               
                                                                                               
                                                                                               

Answer Keys
1.    Autonomous weapons are highly-developed robots embedded with AI used for the purpose of killing enemies on the battlefield. They automatically choose targets and decide how to deal with them.

2.    The main concern is increase of the death toll of ordinary citizens by introduction of autonomous weapons. Although it is argued that they will be freer from mistakes and more efficient than humans, they have vulnerabilities inherent in machines. They are easily to be deceived and disrupted by undetectable images intended to confuse the system and planted among other regular images. Machines also lack flexibility. A slight change of specification or environment will lower the performance. Last but not least, they cannot deal with moral decisions. Preciousness of life is not their concern.

3.    I would have mixed feelings about introduction of .autonomous weapons into battle grounds if I were an infantry soldier of a developed country. If killer robots are deployed in the front lines instead of humans, the cases of injury and death in the troop of my country will go down. Misidentification and friendly fire may become rare. Yet replacing human soldiers with machines in the work of shooting down humans in ground warfare will change the nature of battles. It starts the automatization of sweeping operation. These machines are usually used not against developed countries but over so-called terrorist groups in poor countries. Their use is technically manhunt by machines. I wonder if it is permissible. Also, there is no standard in actual operations. If a slight anomaly can make the machine not only useless but also dangerous, the rate of collateral damage will be high.

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