国際教養学部AO入試関連 reference, immigration,citizenship, xenophobia, religious freedom

Writing Topic

Consider the following statement. The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Do you agree with this idea? Support your response by including specific reasons and examples.

☆Let’s Think

1)    How do the following sentences differ? (Hint: Which one needs comparison in supporting your answer?)

a.    The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.

b.    A best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.

                                                                        

2)    How are the following sentences different? 

a.    What change is the most important in the last century?

b.    What change is most important in the last century?

Note

There are many topics in the TOEFL writing section that have a superlative such as most or best. Let’s be careful of the article before the superlative. Some topics have “the” before the superlative as in this case, others have nothing before it as follows: What invention do you think is most important in the last one hundred years? “The” and superlative as in “the best” means that the thing is on top of all the others and nothing else is comparable to it. Superlative without “the” or superlative with the article “a” as in “Name a most important invention in the last 100 years” means the thing is of its utmost level in a particular quality and there are others of the same level in it.

3)    In what other ways do people travel?

4)    Name some points to consider when traveling.

5)    Compare the ways to travel point by point.

Points ╲ Ways to Travel	group with a tour guide

☆Hints for Points

Agree:

1.    safer

2.    efficient…no bother for arrangements and booking, the guide knows good places to visit

3.    inexpensive in the end

Disagree:

1.    not enough freedom and flexibility

2.    unnatural…places and things set aside exclusively for tourism

3.    less interaction with the locals

☆Sample Essay Structure

A

【Introduction = Outline】I cannot disagree with the idea that the best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.

【Point 1】A guided tour ensures safety and satisfaction. 

【Point 2】A group tour is cost-effective.  e.g. popular sightseeing spots for an inexpensive tour fare

【Point 3】A group tour without a tour guide is destined to make some of the members unhappy.

【Counterargument-treatment】A group tour lead by a tour guide allows little freedom and not very dramatic, but it helps avoid a disaster.  e.g. getting lost, rip-off artists, involving in a crime

【Conclusion = Wrap-up】Considering risks associated with traveling alone without a guide, I do not have much problem in saying that the guided group tour is the best way to travel.

B

【Introduction = Outline】A guided tour must be a best, but may not be the best.

【What is Traveling?】Traveling means much more to us than merely taking a sightseeing tour.

【Group Tour with Guide】A guided group tour is an attraction which is a win-win product of the tour industry in the developed world.

【Solo Tour】Taking a solo trip is in fact very popular.

【Conclusion = Wrap-up】The best way to travel varies depending on what the traveler is in search of, and I believe we like a solo trip deep in our heart.

Your Sample Essay Structure

【Introduction = Outline】

【Point 1】

【Point 2】

【Point 3 / Counterargument-treatment】

【Conclusion = Wrap-up】

☆Essay for Ideas and Expressions

The traveler in one of Dave Mason’s beautiful songs, Mystic Traveler, does not seem to join a guided group tour because the lyrics go “He is an unraveler”. The song also goes “when he takes your heart, you are not alone”  and it is said to be about Jesus, it also seems to hint that there is more or less the kind of deep experience we expect in traveling, or else, the writer of this song would not have had to use this analogy as Jesus already has one, a good shepherd. Whether this traveler is Jesus or Joe in the street, he is not a consumer but the stranger, the interaction with whom reveals the truth and merges the souls of those involved with him in eternity. Few travelers in guided group tours would manage to do the same.

デイヴ・メイソンの美しい曲のひとつである「謎の旅人」の中の旅人はガイド付き団体旅行には加わらなさそうだ。というのは歌詞に「彼は解体する人」とあるからだ。この曲にはまた「彼があなたの心に触れるとあなたは一人ではなくなる」とあり、イエスについての曲だと言われているが、また、私たちが旅に期待する類の深い経験が多かれ少なかれ存在するということをほのめかしているようにも思える。そうでなければこの曲の作者はこの例えを使わなくてもよかっただろう。イエスには既に「よき羊飼い」と言う例えがあるからだ。この旅人がイエスであろうが普通の人であろうが彼は消費者ではなく見知らぬ人であり、その人との交流により真実が暴かれ彼と関わったものの魂が永遠と合一する。ガイド付き団体旅行の旅行者で同じ事をやってのけるものはほとんどいないだろう。

To travel is an action. People have traveled for many different reasons since ancient times. We may travel to find something new: a new land, a new friend, or a new self. We may travel to see the world, to visit the places of our ancestors, or to test ourselves. We might also travel for fun. Traveling very often seems to mean more to us than merely taking a sightseeing tour. When I hear the word traveler, I think of an explorer of reality seeking meaningful interactions with people or nature outside of the person’s daily life. The word travel seems to me to connote an action driven by a dire need for something essential in one’s inner life. Perhaps deciding how to travel could be compared to deciding how to eat. It is a decision directly based on what you want to get from the action. Then, saying that the best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide might be like saying that the best way to eat is in a group at a full-course dinner prepared by a well-seasoned chef. It must be a best, but may not be the best.

旅は行動だ。人は古代から様々な理由で旅をしてきた。何か新しいもの、新しい土地、新しい友達、あるいは新しい自分を見つけるために旅をするかもしれない。世界を見るために、祖先の土地を尋ねるために、あるいは自分を試すために旅するかもしれない。また楽しみのために旅するかもしれない、旅は非常にしばしば単に観光旅行をする以上のことを意味するように思える。旅人という言葉を聞くと日常生活の外で人や自然と意味のある交流を求めている現実の探索者を思い浮かべる。自分にとって旅という言葉は人の内面生活において必須の何かを求める切羽詰まった必要性に駆られた行動を暗に意味するように思える。たぶん旅の仕方の決定は食べ方の決定に例えられるかもしれない。行動から得たいものに直接基づいた決定だ。それなら旅の最善の方法がガイド付き団体旅行だと言うのは最善の食事の方法は熟練したシェフによるフルコースの集団の晩餐だと言うようなものかもしれない。

A guided group tour is an attraction which is a win-win product of the tour industry in the developed world. Tourists who want to enjoy themselves away from home and work, experience something exotic, and make some good memories choose a guided tour for convenience and safety, and they usually go in a group because of the spirit of “The more, the merrier.” The tourism follows the rule of the economy of scale. Booking for transportation, accommodation, and attractions such as local theaters and restaurants in large numbers lowers the costs. Tour guides entertain the tourists and safely take them back home. It is probably the most popular style of travel as a leisure activity, although it is not certain that people think it the best way to travel because it usually provides no more than it promises like other mass product.

ガイド付き団体旅行は先進国の観光業界の関係者皆が得をする製品である呼び物だ。故郷と仕事から離れた楽しみ、異国情緒あふれるものを経験し、良い思い出作りをしたい旅行者は便利さと安全のためにガイド付きツアーを選ぶ。そして通常「多ければ多いほど楽しい」という精神から団体で行く。観光業は大量生産の法則に従う。交通、宿泊施設、そして地元の劇教やレストランのような呼び物の予約を多数で行うと経費が下がる。ガイドは旅行者を接待し安全に故郷に連れて帰る。恐らく娯楽としては最も人気の折る旅行方法だろう。しかし、他の大量生産製品同様、ガイド付き団体旅行は約束したことしか通常提供しないので、旅行の最善の方法だと人が思っているということは確かではない。

Perhaps I might be too romantic, believing that people want more than a package tour out of traveling, some special experience on their own. However, taking a solo trip is in fact very popular. About half a century ago, Makoto Oda, a Japanese student from Tokyo University who was then at Harvard, traveled around the world alone with a return air ticket and 200 dollars, and wrote a travelogue, Nandemo Miteyaro, I’ll Go and See Everything, which became the best-seller in Japan. With the best-selling travel guide series, Lonely Planet, a large number of people travel without a guide across the world every year. Travel agencies have started providing various kinds of tours to meet various demands of both experienced travelers who are fed up with package tours and people who are from the beginning interested in specific destinations which happen to be out of the network of the industry. For many people, a guided group tour is not the best choice.

人は旅からパッケージツアー以上の何か自分だけの特別な経験を欲しがっていると信じる私はたぶん空想主義的過ぎるかもしれない。しかし、一人旅は実はとても人気がある。約半世紀前、東京大学の学生で当時ハーバード大学にいた小田実は帰路の飛行機の切符一枚と200ドルをもって一人で世界旅行をして旅行記「なんでも見てやろう」を書いた。この本は日本でベストセラーになった。ベストセラーの旅行ガイド本シリーズである「ロンリー・プラネット」と携えて多数の人々が毎年ガイドなしで世界を旅する。旅行代理店はパッケージツアーに飽きた経験豊富な旅行者と観光業界のネットワーク外にたまたまある特定の目的地に最初から興味がある人達両方の多様な要求を満たすために多様な種類のツアーを始めている。多くの人々にとってガイド付き団体旅行は最善の選択肢ではないのだ。

The word travel encompasses a broad range of activities related, either directly or indirectly, to our existence, while a guided group tour is a relatively new activity for fun. The best way to travel efficiently for sport can be in a group led by a tour guide. However, the best way to travel varies depending on what the traveler is in search of, and I believe we want to be a mystic traveler deep in our heart when we say, “I’ve got to hit the road.”

旅という言葉は直接的にであれ間接的にであれ経験に関連した幅い行動を含んでる一方でガイド付き団体旅行は比較的新しい娯楽だ。楽しみのために効率よく旅する最善の方法はガイドに率いられた集団でかもしれない。しかし、旅する最善の方法は旅行者が何を探し求めているかによって様々なのであり、私たちが「旅に出なくちゃ。」と言う時、心の深いところでミスティック・トラベラーになりたいと思っていると信じている。