2019年10月20日日曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing, Progress in science is always good.


Writing Topic
Consider the following statement. Progress in science is always good. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Support your response by including specific reasons and examples.


Let’s think
1       Which of the following two statements do you sympathize more with? Why?
a.    Being carefree is always good.
b.    Being carefree is sometimes good.
2       Give examples of benefits from progress in science.
3       Are there any negative effects of the progress in science? What are they?

Hints for points
Good points of progress in science
-       It gives us more convenience, speed, or precision.
-       It makes possible what was impossible before.
-       It gives us new perspectives about the world and ourselves.

Drawbacks of progress in science
-       Many problems have occurred.
substances that are more hazardous to life than before, destructive weapons that are more destructive than before, environmental problems (pollution, global warming, etc.), new types of crimes, social change making some people confused, humans being unable to keep up with the speed of the technology, desire for new products, etc.
-       It causes degeneration
It makes us weak.  e.g. better transportation less exercise
It makes us forget some skills  e.g. forgetting spellings
It makes us think less  e.g. Googling before thinking


Sample Essay Structures
A      Introduction = OutlineI cannot entirely agree with the statement that progress in science is always good.  
Good PointsScience makes our lives convenient and lets us know about the world.
Bad PointsScience and technology has created weapons of mass destruction and caused global warming.
Conclusion = Wrap-upProgress in science sometimes causes problems. Therefore, it is not always good.

B      Introduction = OutlineI totally disagree with the idea that progress in science is always good.
Point 1According to Harari, irrigation technology has deprived us of freedom by making us give up hunting and gathering, which is fun, and confining our lives to the care of plants, which is tough. Now the rhythm of life machines create has become too fast for humans to keep up with.
Point 2Death toll of wars have become larger as technology has advanced.
Point 3Countless numbers of species have gone extinct owing to human activities.
Conclusion = Wrap-upAdmitting that we all benefit from scientific discoveries and inventions, I am still skeptical about goodness of scientific progress.

Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline

                    

                    

                    

Conclusion = Wrap-up

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