2024年12月17日火曜日

Writing for Academic Discussion Reading Fiction or Watching Movies?

Do you think reading fiction offers more advantages than watching movies? (the arts)

 

 

☆Let’s Think

If you have some time to read fiction or watch a movie, which would you choose to do? Why?

 

 

 ☆Hints for Points

Reading fiction

1.     Novels show what is going on inside humans: thoughts and feelings of a human mind.

2.     Reading develops your imagination.

3.     You will experience and assimilate the author’s mind, often reprograming your mind.

 

Watching movies

1.     Movies inspire you with picture and sound, and this makes the experience more real and special than books do.

2.     Movies will show you what you cannot see in the world you live in.

3.     Going to a theater to see a movie is a special experience.

 

 

☆Sample Answer for Ideas and Expressions

Sample A

【Thesis】I believe reading novels is more advantageous than watching movies because books show what is going on inside the character’s mind more meticulously than movies. It makes you feel as if you were the character, and this is a precious experience that nurture your emotion and power of imagination.

【Supporting Details】For example, in the suicide scene of “The Heart of the Matter”, the page is filled with the mental agony of a good-natured individual who is depressed from his life as an official in the colonial India and an affair he got involved in there, and the description of his gradually dimming conscience and the last moment of its disappearance into the void of death. It is impossible for a movie to have its audience experience this inner drama as precisely as the book does. The book of “The Third Man”, for another instance, describes the decisive moment when the leading character realizes the real face of his old mate, and makes the reader understand the nature of an utter evil, by making the leading character say to himself that the man had never grown since he was a bad boy in their grade school. In the namesake on the screen, the realization of the man’s evilness is shared with the audience through common plots like the absence of the sense of guilt, tragedies of the victims, and the attempt to even shoot the best friend who was trying to help. Although a great movie, it is not so enlightening as the original story.

 【Conclusion】Showing the internal world of a character is the exclusive territory of novels. If learning about humans and society is the purpose of both fiction books and movies, I think reading fiction beats watching movies exactly for this reason.  (292 words)

 

Sample B

【Thesis】While it is true that reading fiction strengthens imagination as Sam says, the total experience of a movie often overwhelms that of a novel. Therefore, I think watching movies is more advantageous than reading novels.

【Supporting Details】The power of visuals and sounds of movies easily beats what an individual’s imagination can produce. It has almost the same effect of going abroad or meeting new people in that it takes you to the world that you have never known or imagined. It leaves a new experience in your mind more effectively than reading a story. For example, it is almost impossible for a reader of a foreign novel to construct accurate images of the characters and the setting like landscape or architecture depicted in the novel if the reader has never seen the country and the people. A movie based on the same story shows the closest representations of the characters and the real pictures or authentically recreated environment of the story, and this lets the audience have simulated experiences. The audience go through the narrative witnessing how the characters look in what kind of backgrounds by watching a movie. These experiences from movies are free from poor imaginations produced by an individual’s world, which is relatively smaller than that of a movie. Therefore, the world movies show us are more accurate, more universal and richer in quality.

【Conclusion】Movies expose you to the world outside of yourselves more directly and help you grow, so watching movies is more beneficial than reading books in total. (252 words)


Write your response in 10 minutes. Show each other your responses. Write down questions or suggestions to each other’s response.

 

 

                                                   DRAFT

 

 

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                          

2024年12月10日火曜日

Pre-TOEFL Writing  University Education for Elderlies

Writing Topic

Imagine that you are preparing for a trip. You plan to be away from you home for a year. In addition to clothing and personal care items, you can take one additional thing. What would you take and why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.

旅の支度をしているところを想像して下さい。1年間故郷を離れる予定です。衣類と身の回り品に加えて、一つだけ付け加えて持っていくことができます。何を持ってゆきますか?何故ですか?あなたの選択を支持するために具体的な理由と詳細を使って下さい。

 

 

☆Let’s Think  考えてみよう

A similar question is what would you take if you are allowed to take one item to a deserted island. By answering these questions, you can express your value, interest, and personality. What is the most important thing for you? What are you most interested in? What kind of person are you?

同様の質問は無人島にひとつ持って行くことを許されたら何を持って行くかというものだ。これらの質問に答えることで、自分の価値観や興味、人格を表現できる。自分にとって最も重要なものは何ですか?何に最も興味がありますか?あなたはどんな人ですか?

Thanks to the development of technology, we can take almost all the necessities in our smartphone these days. What is the thing that a phone cannot carry? What makes you feel easy? What helps you (to) make friends with the local people?

科学技術の進歩のおかげで、最近は必要なもののほとんどすべてをスマホに入れて持ち運ぶことができる。スマホが運べないものは何だろう?楽な気持にしてくれるものは何ですか?地元の人たちと友達になるのを助けてくれるのは何ですか?

 

 

☆Words and Expressions

1.     I would take my pet dog. Raised together, we are like siblings.

ペットの犬を連れてゆく。一緒に育てられて、私たちは兄弟姉妹のようだ。

2.     My favorite book would be the item I would take for the trip. It would help me (to) stay cool.

自分のお気に入りの本が私が旅に持って行くであろう品物です。私が平静を保つのを助けてくれるでしょう。

3.     My family photo is always with me wherever I go. In case I lose access to the Internet, I can see the faces of my family if I have it in my purse.

どこに行くにも私の家族写真は私と共にあります。インターネットに繋がれない場合、写真をお財布に入れていれば家族の顔を見ることができます。

4.     I would choose a traditional handicraft. It can be used as a gift.

伝統工芸品を選びます。お土産に使うことができます。

5.     I always take a magic tool when I take a trip, because it makes it easier for me to make friends with the locals.

私が地元の人と仲良くなるのを容易にしてくれるので、旅をするときはいつも手品道具を持って行きます。

6.     Water purifier is definitely the thing I would choose. You never know what will happen on the road.

浄水器が絶対私が選ぶものです。旅行中に何が起こるか決して分かりません。

7.     I would take a sketchbook with me. It would be a great memory of my trip.

スケッチブックを携帯するでしょう。旅の素晴らしい記憶になるでしょう。

 

 

☆Your Sample Essay Structure  エッセイ構成例

【Introduction = Outline】If I took a one-year trip and take one additional thing with me, I would choose to take a guitar for the following reasons.

【Point 1】I can enjoy music with the people of the place I am visiting.

【Point 2】Playing music helps me (to) release stress.

【Conclusion = Wrap-up】For the reasons above, I would take a guitar for a one-year trip

 

 

☆Sample Paragraph Development  段落展開例

【Main Idea】If I took a guitar with me for the trip, I would be able to enjoy music with the people of the place I am visiting and make friends with them.

【Supporting Details】Although I cannot play the guitar, I am sure there are people who play guitar everywhere. Therefore, if I had a chance to mingle with the local people, I would ask one of them to play some music. The person may play a popular song or a traditional song. Whichever, everyone can enjoy listening to or singing along the music. We can know each other better, and it would be a great memory.

【Conclusion】Music allows interactions without language, and a guitar would help it.

【主張】旅行にギターを持ってゆけば、訪問先の人々と音楽を楽しみ友達になることができるだろう。

【理由・具体例】私はギターを弾くことはできないが、ギターを弾く人はどこにでもいると確信している。従って、地元の人たちと交流する機会があったら、彼らの一人に音楽を演奏するよう頼むだろう。その人は流行歌か伝統的な歌を演奏するかもしれない。どちらにしても、みんながその音楽を聴いたり一緒に歌ったりして楽しむことができる。お互いをよりよく知ることができるし、良い思い出になるだろう。

【結論】音楽は言葉なしの交流を可能にする。そして、ギターはそれを助けるだろう。

 

 

 

Pre-TOEFL  Grammar &Writing Winter 1 暗記例文

 

Name                                

覚え方のこつ: 1)先に下線部から覚える 2)言って覚えて書いて確認!

 

以下の和文を英訳してください。

1         野生の花にとって最善の季節ではなかったが、間違いなく悪い季節ではなかった。

(Whileで始まる分詞構文にして下さい)

                                                  

                                                           

                                                  

 

2         聴衆が何か尋ねたがる限り、ジェームズ教授は喜んで質問に答えた。

(providedを使った分詞構文にしてください)

                                                  

                                                           

                                                  

                                                                                                                                    

3         見て分からないほどに破れ曲がって、母の手紙は私に配達された。(下線部を分詞構文にして下さい)

                                                  

                                                           

                                                  

 

4         徒歩旅行者各自が2時間交代で見張りをして夜明けを待つことをそのグループは決めた。

(下線部を分詞構文にして下さい)

                                                  

                                                           

                                                  

 

 

Writing for Academic Education Should there be age restrictions on university education? - revised -

Should there be age restrictions on university education? (education)

 

 

☆Let’s Think

1.        Are there age restrictions on university education?

                                                         Note: There is no upper age limit in college or university admission.

2.        Discuss the topic regarding the following words. Share examples if you know any.

・Lifelong learning and university

・Career change and university

・Equality and access to higher education

・Diverse perspectives and older, more mature students

・Budget constraints in meeting the needs of students

・Other advantages and disadvantages of having age restrictions in accepting elderlies in college

3.        Neoliberalists maintain that elderlies are not productive and therefore they should be gotten rid of society, some even saying that they should commit collective suicide when they turn a certain age. Do you agree?

 

 

☆Hints for Points

Lifelong Learning: Lifelong learning is the "ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated" pursuit of learning for either personal or professional reasons. Lifelong learning is important for an individual's competitiveness and employability, but also enhances social inclusion, active citizenship, and personal development. Professions typically recognize the importance of developing practitioners becoming lifelong learners. Many licensed professions mandate that their members continue learning to maintain a license. Lifelong learning institutes are educational organizations specifically for lifelong learning purposes. Informal lifelong learning communities also exist around the world.  ―Wikipeda

 

Career Change: 11% of U.S. adults are considering going back to school for career change. ―Google search

 

Equality and Access to Education: A society must be brought into being in which the people can continue to learn throughout their lives, on all occasions and in all places, and in which they can suitably apply the outcomes of their lifelong learning to refine themselves and lead fulfilling lives. ―Basic Act on Education of Japan, Article 3, the Japanese Constitution

 

Diverse Perspectives: Mature students can provide viewpoints that are different from those of young students and help deepen discussions and understanding of the subjects. Older students can also provide younger students with advice on various matters in life.

 

Budget Constraints: Necessary resources such as services, facilities, and subjects of interest of elderlies are different from those of young people. Universities may have financial difficulties in meeting the needs of older students.

 

 

☆Sample Answer for Ideas and Expressions

【Thesis】No one is too old to learn, as the cliché goes. A number of adults want to restart learning. Therefore, there should not be age restrictions on university education.

【Supporting Details】Most people keep learning after graduation. Workers constantly need to update their knowledge and skills. Huge corporations have their employees take training courses or go to graduate schools for Master’s degrees. People who want to change careers and homemakers who have finished child-rearing may want to resume studies to equip themselves with degrees before going back to work. Also, people who missed the opportunity to go to university for poverty or other reasons may want to go to university later in life. Besides, aging society is potentially full of senior citizens who have time and money to return to school. Universities must accommodate the needs.

【Counterargument-treatment】I understand the point of Alex that needs of young students should be prioritized in using the limited resources of university so that they can get ready to work, and I totally agree with him. However, age restriction in acceptance is another matter. It is age discrimination based on the neoliberal idea that only those who are productive should be prioritized. This is unconstitutional in that it violates elderlies’ rights to have a healthy and cultural life and pursue happiness. In terms of resources, universities can take full care of younger students without excluding older people from the campus.

【Conclusion】After all, having old people on campus may well not be unproductive. On the contrary, it is manifestation of the richness of inclusive, egalitarian society.    (258 words)


Write your response in 10 minutes. Show each other your responses. Write down questions or suggestions to each other’s response.

 

 

                                                   DRAFT