2019年12月1日日曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing Eating at home or eating out - rewrite -


Writing Topic
Many people like to eat in restaurants on a regular basis. Others would rather eat at home, except on rare occasions. Which approach to dining habits do you choose and why? Support your essay with details and examples. 


Let’s Think
1.      Discuss advantages of eating at home and those of eating out.
2.      Which approach to dining habits do you choose and why?

Hints for points
Advantages of eating at home and counterargument treatment
1.    It is healthy / good for the (your) health / help (to) keep fit.
2.    It is economical / costs less./ helps save money
3.    It is relaxing / is comfortable / is refreshing / releases your stress.
4.    It helps communication with family.
5.    I can enjoy flavor of Mom’s cooking / learn how to make feast / pass down culture and tradition.
6.    eating out only once in a while makes the event more enjoyable. (“less is more”)
Counterarguments: (1) It takes time to cook. (2) It is boring to eat the same thing every day.
Counter-counterarguments: (1) A simple but well-balanced meal takes only around 30 minutes to prepare. Also, cooking helps you get refreshed because you use the different part of your brain and, if you cook with someone else, you can enjoy interacting with others. (2) Cookbooks and recipes will help make home meal enjoyable.

Advantages of eating out and counterargument treatment
1.    It saves time / allows you to do other things such as homework.
2.    It tastes better than home-cook meals / offers variety.
3.    It promotes social life / is a good opportunity to learn manners.
4.    It makes life more enjoyable. (“spices up” your life)
Counterargument: Foods served in restaurants are unhealthy.
Counter-counterargument: There are plenty of restaurants that serve healthy food. Also, “on a regular basis” does not mean every single meal. Good breakfast and fruit for snacks can make up for important nutrients lacking in purchased food.

Sample Body Structures

A
Point 1It is good for the health to cook yourself.
Point 2Having a good time with family over dinner is important.
Counterargument-treatmentEating out might be exciting, but the truth is that life is a series of unremarkable moments with occasional pleasant times. To eat the same kind of homemade meals with your folks every day makes it more delightful to eat at a restaurant for a special event.
B
Merits of Eating at HomeIt is good for the health to eat at home.
Merits of Eating OutBy eating out, you can use time effectively and reduce stress.
My ChoiceMy family are all busy working and studying, so I prefer to dine in restaurants on a regular basis. We can enjoy cooking together at home on holidays,



Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline

Point 1
e.g.

Point 2
e.g.

Point 3 / Counterargument-treatment

Conclusion = Wrap-up



Paragraph development

Sample 1
Main IdeaIt is good for the health to cook yourself.
TransitionFresh and safe ingredients can be used for home meals.
Supporting DetailsFor example, you can buy meat and vegetables at a store of your own choice right before you cook. On the other hand, restaurants often use frozen food, which is not fresh and has chemicals. This is especially true in seasoning. At home, you can make broth using natural food, but restaurants often use ready-made soup stock containing additives and preservatives.
Follow-upTighter regulations on food have made restaurant food healthier than before, but businesses prioritize cutting costs. At least you know what you are eating when you prepare dishes for yourself.
ConclusionBy cooking for yourself, you can make sure that you stay healthy.

Sample 2
Main Idea&Transition Eating out regularly livens up life because it helps you socialize with others.
Supporting DetailsHaving conversation over lunch or dinner surrounded by other relaxed diners helps you see people and life positively. Going to a familiar Chinese restaurant with your beloved makes you feel comfortable. Tying a new Italian dish with your friends is exciting. Each of such times is a precious moment of life.
Follow-upThis habit might seem morally wrong to some people, but eating in restaurants on a regular basis does not mean going out to eat three times a day. Allowing oneself an hour of good mealtime a few times a week is neither an extravagance nor indulgence. It is a lifestyle.
ConclusionMan does not live to eat but eat to live.



Your Sample Paragraph Development
Choose one of the points of your essay structure, and develop it. You can either use or not use the form below..

Main Idea

Transition


Supporting Details




Follow-up 


Conclusion




2019年11月28日木曜日

Pre-Reading Lesson 21 STEP 2 supplement

正解にならなかった選択肢を使って文を完成させてください。

1. A child that cries loudly in public is described as (                                     ).
   In business, being (                             ) is often the key to success.
2. snakes, spiders and cockroaches are most (         ) by people.
3. Russia and the U.S. have often been (               ) to each other since the end of WWII.
4. A (                  ) child means a child whose parents have not taken enough basic care of the child such as feeding it.
5. He did (                ) well on the test, so the teacher exclaimed, "Brilliant!"
6. Harassment is taken as (            ) by the harasser while it leaves a deep scar in the mind of the harassed.
7. (                          ) conduct done by he government officials such as corruption and falsification made headlines many times this year, too.
8. Thanks Giving, Christmas, and New Year's Eve have (                            ) events that make everyone smile.
9. Showing off what you have, knowing others do not have it, is (                         ).


2019年11月24日日曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing Drill With the help of technology, reading nowadays is more effective.


Lesson 21  Drill
Discuss the following statement, write a short essay on it including sentences with the structures below, and write comments on or correct mistakes of each other’s essay. With the help of technology, reading nowadays is much more effective.

要求・主張・提案 that S V原形 ~「~だと要求・主張・提案。」(V原形は仮定法現在)
●as well as 「~同様に」 (~は名詞・動名詞およびその相当語句)

Hints for Points: Reference is more effective thanks to information provided online. (e.g. online search for definition, Wikipedia description, pictures and videos, etc.)  Highlighted parts are shared among readers.  Finding a tag on a book is easier than one in an electronic reader.  Terminal screens do not allow marginal notes and make highlighting troublesome even though both of these actions are part of reading which help internalize the content.

Essay    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   
Comments
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                    

2019年11月22日金曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing, With the help of technology, students nowadays are learning much more effectively. - revised -


Writing Topic
Consider the following statement. With the help of technology, students nowadays are learning much more effectively. Support your response by including specific reasons and examples.

Let’s think
1       Have you ever learned with any of the following? How much do you think you learned with it?
electronic dictionary  vocabulary building app  language learning software  online school  Skype

2       Is technology good for learning or learning about any of the following? Why?
understanding   thinking  widening views  memorization  sensitivity  practical skills such as dancing  science  foreign languages  native tongue  art  ethics  the world

3       Do you think students nowadays are learning much more effectively with the help of technology?

Hints for points

Agree
1.    Educational materials and sites help students understand subjects more effectively than before.
2.    Information search and comparison of multiple materials have become more efficient than before.


Disagree
1.    Fewer students have the ability to read difficult materials than before because most students do not read novels anymore due to social media.
2.    Many students learn less than before because they copy and paste they want to use for their assignment from the Internet.


Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline
Body 1
Body 2
Body 3
Conclusion = Wrap-up

Paragraph Development

A      Main IdeaInformation search and comparison of multiple materials have become more efficient than before.
TransitionInformation technology has allowed us to get necessary information for studies anytime and anywhere.
Supporting DetailsThis has made it unnecessary to go to the library or bookstores to find related materials. Google search provides numerous sources in a couple of seconds, and many newspapers and magazines in different languages are available online for free.
Follow-upEven when a certain book is necessary, ordering from online bookstores allows us to get a copy within a day or two.
Conclusion】】Information technology has made it physically efficient to collect good materials.

B      Main IdeaFewer students than before have the ability to read difficult materials because most students do not read novels anymore.
TransitionReading novels has been proved to enhance the ability to read.
Supporting DetailsNatalie Wexler makes a point in her article, The Power of “Just Reading” a Great Novel that emotional engagement helps readers learn more vocabulary and complex sentence structures.
Follow-upReading through apps can arouse a sentiment but only by reading a long material can a reader go through a deep and strong emotional experience that can only be expressed with a certain word, expression, or syntax.
ConclusionTherefore, when students spend most of their reading time on short materials on their phones, their powers of comprehension will deteriorate.


Your test paragraph development:
Main Idea
Transition
Supporting Details

Follow-up
Conclusion

2019年11月20日水曜日

Pre-TOEFL Grammar & Writing supplement, sentence fragments, fused sentences, and comma splices


Sentence fragments (文の断片)
-       I like animals. For example, cats and dogs.
I like animals. For example, I like cats and dogs.

-       I like cats. Because they are cute.
I like cats because they are cute.
I like cats. This is because they are cute.

-       I like cats. Though they do not like me.
I like cats though they do not like me.

-       I take care of my pets well. So that they can live long.
I take care of my pets well so that they can live long.


Fused sentences (run-on sentences)  (無終止文)
-       After school I went to see my grandmother she was sick in bed I greeted her then I served her dinner she said it was good.
After school I went to see my grandmother, who was sick in bed. I greeted her and then I served her dinner. She said it was good.


Comma splice (カンマ結合)
-       The countryside provides plenty of nature and carefree people, this will nurture healthy and relaxed children.
The countryside provides plenty of nature and carefree people. This will nurture healthy and relaxed children.

例外
Friendship is the most important in life, I think. (主節の挿入)