2017年11月26日日曜日

TOEFL, iBT, Independent Writing, Many people like to eat in restaurants on a regular basis. Others would rather eat at home, except on rare occasions. Which approach to dining habits do you choose and why?. - rewrite -

Writing Topic
Many people like to eat in restaurants on a regular basis. Others would rather eat at home, except on rare occasions. Which approach to dining habits do you choose and why? Support your essay with details and examples.


Hints for points
Eating at home is preferable to me because …
1.    it is healthy / good for the (your) health / help (to) keep fit.
2.    it is economical / saves your money / costs less.
3.    it is relaxing / comfortable / refreshing / releases your stress.
4.    I can enjoy flavor of Mom’s cooking / learn how to make feast / pass down culture and tradition.
5.    eating out only once in a while makes the event more enjoyable. (“less is more”)
Counterargument: It takes time to cook and it is boring to eat same kind of dishes every day at home.
Counter-counterargument: A simple but well-balanced meal takes only 15-40 minutes to prepare. Also, cooking helps you get refreshed because you use the different part of your brain and, if you cook with someone else, you can enjoy interacting with others.

Eating out on a regular basis is preferable to me because …
1.    it saves time / allows you to do other things such as homework.
2.    it tastes better / offers variety.
3.    it provides social life / increases chances to meet new people / is a good opportunity to learn manners.
4.    it makes life more enjoyable. (“spices up your life”)
Counterargument: Foods served in restaurants are unhealthy.
Counter-counterargument: Nowadays, there are plenty of health-conscious restaurants and dishes to choose. Also, having good breakfast at home is enough to stay healthy.


Sample Body Structures
A
Point 1Home cooked meals are healthier.
Point 2Having a good time with family over dinner is important.
Point 3 / Counterargument-treatmentEating out might be more exciting than eating at home, but the truth is that life is a series of unremarkable moments with occasional pleasant times. To eat the same kind of homemade meals with your folks every day makes it more delightful to eat at a restaurant for a special event.

B
Merits of Eating at HomeHome-cooked meals are good for the health.
Merits of Eating OutBy eating out, you can use time effectively and reduce of stress.
My ChoiceMy family are all busy working and studying, so I prefer the approach of dining in restaurants on a regular basis. We can enjoy cooking together at home on holidays,

Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline

Point 1

e.g.

Point 2

e.g.

Point 3 / Counterargument-treatment


Conclusion = Wrap-up



Paragraph development
Sample 1
Main Idea Eating at home is better for your health than eating out.
Explanation You can use fresh and safe ingredients.
Detail / Example For example, when you prepare food, you buy ingredients at a store of your own choice right before you cook while restaurants often use frozen food.
Specific Detail / Example This is especially true in seasoning. At home, you can make broth from real bones or fish and use fresh spices, but restaurants often use ready-made soup stock containing additives and preservatives.
Follow-up / Counterargument-treatmentOf course, regulations on food have become tighter these days and eating out is not so unhealthy as before. However, businesses always prioritize cutting costs to make profits and at least you know what you are eating when you prepare dishes for yourself.
Conclusion By cooking for yourself, you can make sure that you stay healthy.

Sample 2
Main Idea&Explanation Eating out regularly livens up life because going out to eat in town is a fun activity.
Detail / ExampleHaving conversation over lunch or dinner surrounded by other relaxed diners helps you see people and life positively.
Specific Detail / ExampleGoing to a familiar Chinese restaurant with your beloved makes you feel comfortable while trying a new Italian dish with your friends is exciting, and each of such times is a precious moment of life.
Follow-up / Counterargument-treatmentThis habit might seem morally wrong to some people, but eating in restaurants on a regular basis does not mean going out to eat three times a day. Allowing oneself an hour of good mealtime a couple of times a week is neither an extravagance nor indulgence. It is a good practice.
ConclusionMan does not live to eat but eat to live.


Your Sample Paragraph Development
Choose one of the points of your essay structure, and develop it. You can either use or not use the form below. Starting withMain Idea and Specific Detail / Example, and then filling in other parts is one way to develop a point.

Main Idea

Explanation


Detail / Example in general



Specific Detail / Example




Follow-up / Counterargument-treatment 



Conclusion


2017年11月19日日曜日

TOEFL, iBT, Independent Writing, With the help of technology, students nowadays are learning much more effectively.

Warm-up Chat Topics

Topic 1
Have you ever learned with any of the following? How much do you think you learned with it?

electronic dictionary
vocabulary building app
language learning software
an online school
Skype

Topic 2
Is technology good for any of the following?

understanding
memorization
thinking
widening views
developing sensitivity
learning practical skills
learning science
learning mathematics
learning English
learning Japanese
learning about art
learning artistic skills
learning how to sing
learning how to dance
learning abut ethics


2017年11月16日木曜日

上智国際教養学部公募推薦入試対策 傾向と対策 The Inquiry Selection


The Inquiry Selection

以下はBBC Podcast “The Inquiry”のバックナンバーの抜粋です。
時事問題・一般教養のフォローに使えると思います。(Is Inequality About to Get Unimaginably Worse?はほぼ同じ内容のものが今年の早稲田国際教養学部のAO受験で使用されました。)

アンダーラインのあるものは特に最近の話題や日本の問題、普遍的な問題に関連が大きいものです。
よかったら試験本番まで毎日二つ以上聞いておいてください。

ひとつが20分ぐらいの長さです。
Googleで検索すれば見つかります。スクリプトがあるものもあります。

聞いている途中でlostになっても、区切りごとにナレーターのまとめが入っているので内容理解はしやすいです。
アンダーラインのあるものは要約かナレーター部分のディクテーションor書写をなさることをお勧めします。

The Inquiry 以外の勉強としては、今までの国際教養学部関連授業とTOEFL iBT Independent Writingの答案を見直して、(1) 内容に関しなおされている部分のfact checkresearch  (2) 英語のミスを直された文のノート(間違えた文とその日本語訳)を作り、ミスの理由を理解したうえで日本語から正確に英語にできるようにするようにしてください。特に文法・つづりミスの数が減らない人は(2)がお勧めです。

頑張ってください。
佐々木



How Do You End a Civil War?
Can We Teach Robots Ethics?
Is Privacy Dead?
How Do We Stop People Dying in Floods?
How Has Ku Klux Klan Lasted So Long?
Are Video Games a Waste of Time?
How Do You Fix Someone Else’s Election?
Who Gets to Have Their Own Country?
Is It Time To Ban the Plastic Bottle?
Is Gene Editing Out of Control?
Have We Always Felt This Tired?
Why Does China Want to Revive the Silk Road?
Does Poverty Change the Way We Think?
Is Inequality About to Get Unimaginably Worse?
Do We Need a Plan B for Climate Change?
Are Famines Always Man-made?
Can We Eat Our Way Out of Climate Change?
Should We Give Homeless People Homes?
Who Wins a Cashless Economy?
Is Retirement Over?
Are We Really About to End World Poverty?
What Kind of Person Becomes a Violent Jihadi?
Should We Solar Panel The Sahara?
How Will a Population Boon Change Africa?
Should governments Drop Money Out of Helicopters?
Is Japan Abandoning Pacifism?
Can We Learn to Live with Nuclear Power?
Why do Tax Havens Still Exist?
Has Austerity Worked?
Is Opposition to GM Crops Irrational?
Is There a New Nuclear Arms Race?
Should We Fear Artificial Intelligence?
Is American Democracy Broken?
Why Aren’t More Dishonest Bankers in Jail?

Are Pandemics Inevitable?

上智国際教養学部公募推薦入試対策 傾向と対策 Sample Answer Plans

上智大学国際教養学部入試
新形式課題の傾向と対策

傾向  最近のニュース・話題を基にした普遍的なテーマ

年度                     最近のニュース・話題                                   普遍的なテーマ
2013年度            2020年オリンピック招致                              big sporting events
2014年度            SNSの影響                                                    technology, computer
2015年度            大学の目的                                                     university education
2016年度            OECD加盟国先進国中日本の留学率最下位   development aid, globalization


対策  英検1級筆記試験英作文とTOEFL iBT Independent Writingのトピックを使って練習

Sample Answer Plans
2015
Introduction      Both job   wider perspective 
Body 1                 About job                         mediaでの大学の取り上げられ方  e.g. 就職率
                                                                      周りの人(親・友人等)の考え方・発言等
Body 2                 About wider perspective   大学本来の目的(学究の道に進まなくても必要、
                                                                      liberal arts 導入の流れ)
Body 3                 my view                             jobは(選ばなければ)大卒なら困らない
                                                                      使命(社会をよくする、新しいものを作る、
                                                                                    リーダー・良い市民になる等)
                                                                      政府の文系縮小→本来の目的阻害
Conclusion         job wider perspectiveの結果のひとつ
                                                                      大学で得たものを引かした社会貢献

2016
Introduction        関心低下、留学すべき
Body 1                 関心低下(不景気、インターネット、外国語母語、教育不足(内向き志向、
、島国根性、日本の大学レベル誤解
Body 2                 留学すべき                         先進国としての義務(開発援助、国際交流、平和)
                                                                      グローバル化対応(日本企業の国際化、移民)

Conclusion          文化的鎖国は非現実的

2017年11月8日水曜日

TOEFL, iBT, Independent Writing, The government of your area has announced plans to build a large, new university. Some people think that your community would be a favorable location for the university; others disagree. Compare and discuss the good and bad consequences that might result from building a new university in your community. - rewrite -

Writing Topic
The government of your area has announced plans to build a large, new university. Some people think that your community would be a favorable location for the university; others disagree. Compare and discuss the good and bad consequences that might result from building a new university in your community. Use specific reasons and details to support your essay.

Lets think
This question is made up of two parts: the premise and a direction. The first two sentences provide the premise of this topic, a hypothetical plan to build a large, new university and the two conflicting opinions among the residents on whether to support the plan. The third sentence is the direction. Since it says “compare and discuss the good and bad consequences, dealing with either good or bad points would not be satisfactory.

Hints for points
Good Consequences:
1. better access to information (library, audit program, extension school)
2. stimulation to the local economy (shops, apartments, construction of new facilities)
3. influx of young power (events, volunteering, interaction with the local people, younger population)

Bad Consequences:
1. loss of a large area of nature
2. heavier traffic
3. binge drinking

Essay Structure
Sample Essay Structure in the case that you have two or three reasons to support your argument
Introduction = Outline】 The addition seems to have both positive and negative impacts on my society.
Point 1A new university would vitalize the economy and the overall morale of our community.
Point 2The atmosphere in the community may have some adverse changes.
Point 3 / Counterargument-treatmentMy hometown already has two universities and has few problems.
Conclusion = Wrap-upThe community would be a little livelier and noisier than now.

♦Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3


Conclusion = Wrap-up





Paragraph Development
Sample Paragraph Development
Main Idea The atmosphere in the community may have some adverse changes.
Transition There might be some environmental issues and concern about troublesome behaviors.
Detail / Example For example, part of the large hill would be used to build the campus and a new town for the students and people who work there. The number of automobiles and the amount of garbage would increase. Also, the usual habit of some students such as staying up very late or getting drunk in the street may disturb their neighbors.
Follow up However, most of these behaviors can be forgiven as lack of socialization and students will learn to behave in time. Interaction and communication between the residents and students will be the key.
Conclusion The new university would bring about a loss of nature, which might disrupt the ecology in the area, and some rambunctious students, although this would not matter very much.

♦Your test paragraph development:
Main Idea

Transition

Detail / Example

Follow up


Conclusion