2025年7月28日月曜日

Writing for an Academic Discussion Homeschooling - Revised -

 Do you think it is a good idea for children to be homeschooled? Why or why not?

 

 

Let’s Think

1.        What is Amy’s point? Paraphrase it. Provide a case in point.

2.        What is Mark’s point? Paraphrase it. Provide a case in point.

3.        What other advantages and disadvantages does homeschooling have?

 

 

Hints for Points

Advantages

1.        Flexible teaching according to individuality is possible.

2.        It provides more opportunities for freer, critical thinking.

3.        It is free from bullying.

4.        According to a research, homeschooled children score more highly than children who attend school on measurements of socialization.

 

Disadvantages

1.        Less professional help can hamper enough learning.

2.        Less time to spend with other children of the same age.

3.        Less memory of schooling may make the individuals suffer later.

 

 

Responses for Ideas and Expressions

Homeschooling is a good idea:

I agree with Amy not only because homeschooling allows for personalization but also because I am not so much for homeschooling as I am against school. Schools are for the government to raise a population obedient to those in power. From kindergarten to high school, and even to university, we are taught to keep our mouth shut. You can’t ask questions about school policy and never can you try to change school rules. By spending our precious forming years in this environment, most of us have the wings of our mind torn off by the time we graduate and spend the rest of our lives in a huge cage of our government while always frustrated by feeling the loss of a real life that could have flowered in a freer environment. Homeschooling helps children evade this domestication by the government. In fact, a child I know who has been taught by her parents has learned to get around town by herself for birdwatching and demonstrates higher cognitive ability and articulation than children of her age. This benefit outweighs all the shortcomings because freedom provides the optimal environment for education.  (189 words)

 

Homeschooling is not a good idea:

I think Mark makes a good point that homeschooled children will miss socialization that only traditional schools provide. Homeschooling might be good as a supplementary tool for teaching, but it absolutely lacks important environment that school can provide for children. School is a special place in which hundreds of children gather, supported and protected by some professional adults. Here, we make most of our best memories in our early years. School events from team projects to various yearly events celebrate life of children as well as giving them learning and experiences to get ready to go into the real world. Homeschooled children miss the exposure to this enjoyable, nurturing environment. No one who were of school age during the lockdown in the pandemic of COVID-19 would disagree. It is true that there are children who are cut out for homeschooling, and they can take advantage of special programs that Amy mentions. However, except for such children and those who have a special condition that makes it impossible for them to go to school like those who have a serious disease, homeschooling is not a satisfactory choice especially for young children. (191 words)

 


Write your response in 10 minutes. Show each other your responses. Write down questions or suggestions to each other’s response.

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                         

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

Writing for an Academic Discussion  The most important quality a leader should possess - revised -

What is the most important quality a leader should possess?

 

 

Let’s Think

Do research on this topic. Share your findings.

 

 

Hints for Points

1.        A person with a humane vision

2.        People who are willing to devote themselves to others

3.        Courage

4.        Intelligence

5.        Someone who listens to the members of the group well

6.        Someone with good communication skills

 

 

Response for Ideas and Expressions

A good leader must be a person who makes at least the majority of the group, whether it is a project team or a country, happy. For that matter, the most important quality of a leader is devotion, preparedness to devote themselves to the people they lead. The leader must be ready to sacrifice themselves for the good of the group they lead. They must protect the group at any cost. Their happiness is their people’s happiness. Legendary leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Malcom X, Mahatma Gandh, and Nelson Mandera and they actually gave their lives to their causes, which keeps the movement going. Without this characteristic, the leader will be a tyrant that takes advantage of the power for themselves and their cronies at the expense of everyone else. Other important qualities like courage and social skills will follow this quality because a person who sincerely wants to serve the majority members of the group will make efforts to acquire all the other necessary qualities, and also the person will be helped by supporters who are impressed with the person’s determination to serve. While people might be attracted to good-looking and charismatic leaders, or people who just speak loudly, these qualities are superficial and people will soon be disappointed by their leader’s incompetence and indifference. Thus, altruistic devotion is the most important quality of a leader. (233 words)

 

 

Response plan

Topic Sentence:

 

Supporting Details:

 

Conclusion:





Write your response in 10 minutes. Show each other your responses. Write down questions or suggestions to each other’s response.

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                         

 

2025年7月27日日曜日

早稲田国際教養学部AO入試 注意事項

 

本講座の授業形式の予定

Day 15 予習して授業中に解答します。 

Day 6 テストゼミ形式 予習無しで授業中に読んで解答します。 

どちらも解答を添削・採点し、1週間後に返却します。

 

予習復習の手順

Day 5まで: 

予習 1)所定時間で辞書無しで解く 2)できるだけの時間と辞書を使って本文の内容を理解し解き直す

復習 1)テキストの復習 2)添削されて返却された答案を見て書き直す

 

Day 6

予習 無し

復習 1)テキストの復習 2)添削されて返却された答案を見て書き直す

 

テキスト以外の勉強のアドバイス

☆実践練習中心にする: 授業以外でも補助問題集の過去問や英検1級の読解問題を実際に解く(解答を実際に書いて見る)ことを中心に勉強しましょう。本番同様に時間を計って行いましょう。

☆筆記問題は最低3回解く: 1) 最初は1題40分で時間を計り本番と同じように解き、2) 次に(まだ解答を見ないで)使えるだけの時間を使って解き直します。3) その後解答をみて再度解きなおします。

☆推敲を重ねる: 添削済み答案・模範解答を読んだ後、1回以上書き直すことが大切です。推敲を重ねるほど次に一度でよい文章を書くことができるようになります。

☆設問は本文の内容に基づいて答案を書く: 一見知識を使って答える問題のようでも、ほとんどの問題が本文の内容理解を見ています。本文を資料として正確に読み、読み取った事実を元に解答しましょう。

☆英文読後日記をつける: 要約と感想を各1~2文にまとめて書く習慣をつけましょう。表現力がつくと共に書く材料集めにもなります。

☆答案の再解き直し: 不正解だったもののみ、時間がたってからもう一度解き直しましょう。

☆苦手分野の学習: 苦手分野の問題は解くたびに落ち込むので回避しがちですが、最も学習が必要です。今まで知らないでいた常識などを発見した場合、「こんなことも知らないのではだめだ」と思わず、「テスト前に知ることができてよかった」と考えるようにしましょう。やる気が出ないときは本番でその苦手分野が出題されて困っている自分を想像してみてください。その時のつらさを回避するために前もって苦手分野を学習するのです。

☆小手先の技術で切り抜けようとしない: 早稲田国際AO入試の筆記テストも基本的には英語のテストです。見られるのは英語の読解力と表現力及び一般教養と人格です。実力を見られるのであって要領のよさではありません。要領よく解こうとするよりも、本文と問題を正確に読み取り、筆者の一番言いたいことと質問のポイントを理解することに集中しましょう。良い解答の第一歩はそこからであり、それができれば7割とれたも同然です。(もちろん反論や具体例などで重要でないところは流し読みするなどの時間の節約は大切ですが、これも内容を理解することによってどこを流せばよいかが分かるのですからまずは内容理解です。)また、解答欄が余っても余計なことは書かないようにしましょう。減点されかねません。うまく最後をまとめる練習は普段からしておきましょう。解くときの優先順位は 1)本文・資料の理解 2)答案の内容 3)答案の量でよいと思います。

☆ポイントを先に書く: 筆記問題の解答ワード数はTOEFLエッセイの3分の1程度なのですから前置きは不要です。また論じ方の説明や問題文の内容の繰り返しも要りません。1行目でストレートに言いたいことを書いてください。詳細は後でいくらでも書き足すことができます。そのほうが時間配分もしやすくなります。最後はできればまとめの1文をつけましょう。

 

要約問題は簡単な言葉、個性を見せる問題は精一杯の語彙で解答する

内容を問う問題(要約問題)は内容を理解していることを示すことが大切です。簡単な言葉でよいので理解したことを自分の言葉で表現しましょう。自分の経験・知識を使って答える問題の場合、経験・知識=語彙なのですから出せるものは全て出しましょう。【簡潔にまとめる/個性を発揮する】のメリハリをつけた答案にして下さい。

 

チェックすべきテーマ

記事等を読むとき、志望理由書のテーマ関連のものは必ずチェックしましょう。それ以外の記事の選択で大切なのは他者への共感や鋭い批判精神、正義感を持つことです。その意味では皆さんが親近感を持つ(あるいは気になる)国・人々の記事を追うことが大切です。これらを通して個性ある解答を書くもとになるものが確立されてゆきます。また、現代社会の重要課題や普遍的な問題の理解は問題文の理解に役立ちますので過去問関連の記事も読みましょう。以下は過去に出題され今後も出題されると考えられるテーマのキーワードです。

global warming  climate crisis  climate justice  environmental destruction   food shortage  water shortage

capitalism  globalization  free trade    wealth gap  fight against poverty democracy  socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor welfare state big/small government  class war  discrimination  human rights  genocide American diplomacy  global south  gender gap   violence   technology 

 

 

チェックしておくと参考になる人・本・雑誌・新聞・番組・ホームページ等

以下は全くの私の独断で選んだinformationinspirationを得る役に立つと思われるものです。全て無料です。

 

michaelmoore.com: アカデミー賞、スタインベック賞などを受賞した映画監督マイケル・ムーアのホームページです。現代の重要な政治・社会問題をユーモアを交えて解説。映画は全て必見です。

Al Jazeera English: 中東の放送局。イスラエルによるパレスチナの民族浄化を始め西側の外交政策やアジア・アフリカ地域のレポートが大変参考になります。

Democracy Now!: インディペンデント放送局。主流メディアでは聞けない重要課題を毎日取り上げます。

NPR: アメリカのラジオ局。All Things Consideredでは興味深い話が多数聞けます。

Voice of America: 記事が音声で聞けます。ニュースが簡潔にまとめられています。

BBC podcast: The Inquiry”は時事問題のまとめ番組で要チェックです。(最後をご覧ください) また、World Have Your Say”という視聴者参加討論番組はargumentの参考になります。

Newsweek/Time: 格調高い英語で時事問題を詳しく報じています。♦Daily Yomiuri: 日本国内のニュースを英文で読んで表現の仕方を学びましょう。早稲田大学の教授陣が英文で論文を投稿しています。

In These Times: かなり左寄り(革新思想寄り)ですが過激な内容ではありません。不正・不平等・人権問題等に関して一般の人々の視点からの取材を丁寧に行っています。

NatureScience podcast: 科学雑誌NatureSciencepodcast では一般の人にも分かる形で科学関連ニュースを発表しています。温暖化、食料・水危機、公害、幹細胞研究、宇宙探査、米政府の科学研究援助方針など地球・人類にとって重要な問題を多数取り上げています。Transcriptもあります。

Progressive! Channel: 上智大教授による「基本的なところから政治について解説」簡潔かつ濃い内容。

Jeffery Sachs: 温暖化・人口増加と貧困対策専門の経済学者です。科学者・経済学者・政府・民間が力を合わせることにより危機を乗り越えることは可能だと主張しています。著作が早稲田国際AO筆記試験で過去2回出題されています。YouTubeにインタビュー等のビデオがあります。

 

 

☆以下はBBC Podcast “The Inquiry”のバックナンバーの抜粋です。

時事問題・一般教養のフォローに使えると思います。(Is Inequality About to Get Unimaginably Worse?はほぼ同じ内容のものが2017年度早稲田国際教養学部のAO入試で使用されました。但し、BBC以外にもCNNThe Economist, The Guardian等様々なメディアから出題されますので毎日ニュースに目を通すようにして下さい。)アンダーラインのあるものは特に最近の話題や日本の問題、普遍的な問題に関連が大きいものですので優先的に聞いてみられると良いと思います。ひとつが20分ぐらいの長さです。Googleで検索すれば見つかります。スクリプトがあるものもあります。聞いている途中でlostになっても、区切りごとにナレーターのまとめが入っているので内容理解はしやすいです。要約かナレーター部分のディクテーションor書写をするとさらに良いです。


 


Can We Teach Robots Ethics?

How Do We Stop People Dying in Floods?

How Has Ku Klux Klan Lasted So Long?

Are Video Games a Waste of Time?

How Do You Fix Someone Elses Election?

Does Poverty Change the Way We Think?

Is Inequality About to Get Unimaginably Worse?

Do We Need a Plan B for Climate Change?

Are Famines Always Man-made?

Can We Eat Our Way Out of Climate Change?

Should We Give Homeless People Homes?

Who Wins a Cashless Economy?

Are We Really About to End World Poverty?

What Kind of Person Becomes a Violent Jihadi?

Should We Solar Panel The Sahara?

Should Governments Drop Money Out of Helicopters?

Is Japan Abandoning Pacifism?

Can We Learn to Live with Nuclear Power?

Why do Tax Havens Still Exist?

Is Opposition to GM Crops Irrational?

Is There a New Nuclear Arms Race?

Should We Fear Artificial Intelligence?

Why Arent More Dishonest Bankers in Jail?

Whats Killing Black American Babies?

Whats the Real Difference between Sexes?

How can we feed 11 billion people?

Are smart cities dumb?

Why cant so many children read?

Can We Stop a Mass Extinction?

Are We Heading for another Mass Extinction?

How Did We Mess up Antibiotics?

Can Delhi Clean Up Its Air?

Why dont we care about Yemen?

Why do we care about statues?

Can we make the super-rich pay more tax?

Are *killer robots* the future of warfare?

Is Antifa the threat its made out to be?

Is online censorship going too far?

Is recycling broken?

Why are boys academically underperforming?

How will Hollywood respond to the Black Lives Matter and Me Too movements?

Why are murder rates in Chicago so high?

Why aren’t countries doing more to stop climate change?

Why have military coups returned to West Africa?

Can Putin be prosecuted for war crimes?

Has the war in Ukraine sparked the world food crisis?

How do pandemics end?

Is Africa’s Great Green Wall failing?

Why are there millions of empty houses in Japan?

Will hydrogen solve our energy needs?

Is the global nuclear threat rising?

How can we stop wildfires?

Can we stop Oil?

Why is life expectancy falling in America?

Why is the US Army struggling to recruit new soldiers?

What does Iran want?

Can anyone broker peace in the Middle East?

Do we need the International Criminal Court?

Do we need a new NATO?

What does Japan’s rice crisis say about its economy?

How crucial is the strait of Hormuz to the world oil supplies?

Is AI eroding our critical thinking?



以下はTOEFL・国際教養関連AO受験生用に私が作成しているBlogです。よかったらお勉強の参考になさってください。Google Friends with Wings, TOEFL /早稲田AO

2025年7月21日月曜日

Writing for an Academic Discussion What is the best strategy for a government to increase the number of foreigners coming to a country? - revised -

What is the best strategy for a government to increase the number of foreigners coming to a country?

 

 

Let’s Think

1.        Paraphrase Anna’s point. Provide a case in point.

2.        Paraphrase Sam’s point. Provide a case in point.

3.        If you take a trip or study abroad, what country would like to go? Why?

4.        If you immigrate to another country, what country would like to go? Why?

 

 

Hints for Points

1.        If you want more foreign workers, improve the economy to raise the value of the currency of your country. If you want more in-bound tourists, keep deflation and lower the value of the currency of your country, both of which Japan has done intentionally or unintentionally.

2.        Ensure diversity. Introduce open immigration, or free migration, increase employment opportunities for immigrants, and promise not to deport immigrants except for real felons.

3.        Make the best social services like universal healthcare in place.

4.        Make universities free. This will attract brilliant students from around the world.

5.        Promote the industry to produce attractive commodities. Even 30 years ago, when the exchange rates of yen were high, tourists came in to buy excellent Japanese electronic appliances.

6.        Promote tourism. Making the country a good place to have a vacation in and advertising the sightseeing spots will bring a constant flow of tourists.

 

 

Response for Ideas and Expressions

There is a hypocrisy when a government wants to increase the number of foreigners coming in, while it restricts the acceptance of refugees. It wants people from rich countries who pay a lot of money but it doesn’t want people from poor countries it regards as nothing but problems. However, due to climate change caused by global warming, which is caused by economic activities of developed countries, countless numbers of refugees are pouring out of the affected poor countries. Developed countries have responsibility to support refugees, not only for the obvious humanitarian reason. Therefore, if a government wants the number of the inbound population, all it has to do is open its immigration, which it has been supposed to do already. Also, immigrants will actually benefit the country. The United States of America’s strength was its diversity. Steve Jobs was a son of a Syrian immigrant. His inventions helped America remain the richest country in human history. Michael Moore and Bernie Sanders are both descendants of immigrants from Europe. These people have started and boosted the current social change, which will help humankind to survive in hardship we will face in this century. (195 words)

 

 

Response plan

Topic Sentence:

 

Supporting Details:

 

Conclusion:


Writing for an Academic Discussion Do the advantages of remote working outweigh its disadvantages? - revised

Do the advantages of remote working outweigh its disadvantages?

 

 

Let’s Think

1.        What are the advantages and disadvantages of remote working? Remember those early days of the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020.

 

 

Hints for Points

Advantages

1.        Time-saving: Workers do not have to commute to work every day.

2.        Cost-saving: Companies will not have to pay for workers’ transportation.

3.        Teleworking job opportunities: There are already websites for teleworking job-hunting.

4.        Freer lifestyles: Workers will have more free time and flexible schedules.

 

Disadvantages

1.        Communication problems: Face-to-face communication will be lost and this will cause misunderstandings and mistakes.

2.        Less synergy and lower morale: Human touch is lost and workers will be less encouraged to work.

3.        Less intangible assets of the workplace: Less or no on-the-job training will cause loss of skills and culture of the teams and offices.

4.        Less control: Companies may lose control of the workforce.

 

Decisive reasons

1.        Happy workers raise productivity. Since human resources is the most important for business, workers’ morale must be prioritized.

2.        Most companies resumed office work after 2020, and this means that remote working is complementary to the conventional, in-person office environment.

 

 

Response for Ideas and Expressions

I think the advantages of remote working outweigh its disadvantages in terms of working conditions of female workers. More than half the workforce are women, and most of them prefer flexible working conditions. Not to speak of married women, who in effect do the household work for the whole family and child-rearing, even childless single women may have old parents to take care of or suffer from mental disorders caused by being a woman. These conditions make it difficult for most women to start or continue white-collar jobs. Remote working allows women to do these high-paying jobs during hours and places of their convenience. They will also be free from uncomfortable experiences of daily commute and abuse by other workers or managers or clients or customers. This can raise the number of female white-collar workers and raise both their productivity and morale. The drawbacks like reduced communication with other staff members seem small, since most women can make up for communication problems well, and problem-solving manual for male workers will be made over time. Also, combination of the two workstyles, office work and remote work, which is already happening, will offset most of the disadvantages. (195 words)

 

 

Response plan

Topic Sentence:

Supporting Details:

Conclusion: