2020年2月10日月曜日

TOEFL iBT Independent Writing Parents and communities should play an active role in improving the quality of education. - revised -

Writing Topic
Consider the following statement. Parents and communities should play an active role in improving the quality of education. Do you agree or disagree with this idea? Support your response by including specific reasons and examples.


Let’s Think
1)    If you were a parent, would you send your child to a public school or a private school? Why
2)    How does education relate to parents? How does education relate to communities?
3)    In what way can parents and communities play an active role in improving the quality of education?

Hints for Points
Agree
1.    Parents and communities are the most serious about providing quality education to their children.
e.g. Governments often cut budgets for education.
親や地域社会は子供に質の高い教育を提供することについて一番真剣だ。例 政府はしばしば教育の予算を削減する。

2.    People in the community, rather than the government, often know what should be taught at school, so their voices should be reflected more in education.
e.g. About 100 years ago, in Taisho era, merchants of the city of Osaka felt the need of language abilities in the international trade and financed the establishment of a language school for young merchants, which was nationalized by the government after WWII and became Osaka University of Foreign Studies. 政府よりむしろ地域の人々の方がしばしば学校で教えるべきことを知っているので彼らの声が教育に反映されるべきだ。
100年前の大正時代、大阪市の商人たちは国際貿易における外国語能力の必要性を感じ、若い商人たちのための語学学校の設立に資金提供した。この学校は第二次世界大戦後政府により国立化され大阪外国語大学となった。

3.    Mind development will be accelerated by the help of the community.  e.g. Some communities have started learning support systems by volunteers and has improved performances of children at school.
地域の援助により精神の発達が加速するだろう。 ボランティアによる学習支援制度を開始し子供の学校の成績を改善した地域がある。

Disagree
1.    Leaving education to specialists is the best policy. The government has the department of education and trains qualified professionals to provide a good education above a certain level. Tax money is used for the purpose and thus parents and communities should express their opinions about education as voters.
教育は専門家に任せるのが最善の策だ。政府は文部省を有し良い教育を提供するために資格のあるプロを訓練している。税金はそのために使われているのであり、従って親や地域社会は教育に関する意見を有権者として表明すべきだ。

2.    Influential entities such as powerful men or religious organizations might prevent proper education.
e.g. There are people who are against girls’ education.
権力者や宗教組織等の影響力のある存在が適切な教育を妨げるかもしれない。 女子教育に反対する人がいる。

Sample Essay Structure
A      IntroductionIt is important that adults play an active role in improving the quality of education,
Point 1Parents and communities should make efforts to revive the good part of the communal education that has been disintegrating through modernization.
Point 2Mind development will be accelerated by the help of the community.
Counterargument-treatmentIt is true that too many cooks can spoil the broth as the saying goes, but it is the golden rule of a good society that youngsters are to be supported by the adults around them, since education is the key to nurture good citizens.
ConclusionAdults in a community should care a little more about their children.
【導入】教育の質を改善する点において大人が積極的な役割を果たすことは重要だ。
【要点1】近代化を通して崩壊してきている伝統的な地域の教育の良い部分を再生する努力を親と地域はすべきだ。
【要点2】地域の援助により精神の発達が加速されるだろう。
【反論処理】諺にあるように船頭多くして船山に登るというのは本当だが子供は周囲の大人が支えるべしというのが良い社会の黄金律だ。というのは教育は良い市民育成の鍵だからだ。
【結論】地域社会の大人たちは子供たちのことをもう少し構うべきだ。

B      IntroductionWith caveats, I agree with the statement that parents and communities should play an active role in improving the quality of education.
MeritsAdults can learn more about child-rearing. Communication between school and parents will be better. Also, financial aid from the community for education can increase.
Concern 1Ideology might overwhelm reality, and children might be forced to follow unnecessary rules.
Concern 2The power structure among parents or in the community can be reflected, and inequality may become greater.
ConclusionActive participation of the adults in education is fundamentally good, but unless it is decided to what extent parents and communities are involved in education, adverse effects might occur.
【導入】警告付きで親や地域社会が教育改善に積極的な役割を果たすべきだという発言に賛成する。
【利点】親は子育てについてより多く学べる。学校と親の意思疎通が良くなる。また地域社会の教育に対する金銭的援助が増す可能性がある。
【憂慮1】イデオロギーが現実を圧倒し、子供たちが不要な決まりに従うことを強制されるかもしれない。
【憂慮2】親や地域社会の権力構造が反映され、不平等が増すかもしれない。
【結論】教育における大人の積極的参加は基本的に良いことだが、どの程度まで親や地域社会が教育に関わるのかを決めない限り悪い結果になるかもしれない。

Your Sample Essay Structure
Introduction = Outline
【         】
【         】
【         】
Conclusion = Wrap-up

Sample paragraph development
A      Main IdeaParents and communities should make efforts to revive the good part of traditional communal education that has been disintegrating through modernization.
ExplanationIn contact with the West, my country Japan gave up the virtue of the traditional society, which included sophisticated education for children, and has focused on education to make Japan a power until the end of WWII and a strong economy after WWII. As a result, it suffers from social problems related to the young.
ExampleHigh rates of suicide of the young, feeling of isolation, and indifference to the weak are some of the examples. Community can help solve these problems.
Follow-upEducation in traditional societies has defects such as prejudice against women, but such defects are hard to wipe out and today’ s society is one which has lost the virtue and keeps the vice. Thus, the system in which the community helps children to fit in the society should be revived.
Wrap-up Social solidarity must be protected by education conducted by the members of the society.
【主張】近代化を通して崩壊してきている伝統的な地域の教育の良い部分を再生する努力を親と地域はすべきだ。
【説明】西洋との接触の中で私の国日本は洗練された子供用の教育を含む伝統社会の美徳を捨て、第二次世界大戦の敗戦まで日本を強国にする為、戦後は経済大国にする為の教育に集中してきた。その結果若者に関連する社会問題に苦しんでいる。
【例】高い若者の自殺率や孤独感、弱者への無関心などがいくつかの例だ。地域はこれらの問題解決を助けるかもしれない。
【補足】伝統社会の教育には女性蔑視のような欠点もあるがその様な欠点は根絶するのは困難であり現代社会はその美徳を喪
【まとめ】社会の構成員によって行われる教育によって社会の団結を保護しなくてはならない。

B      Main IdeaMind development will be accelerated by the help of the community.
ExplanationAwareness and cognition of children will be stimulated by being exposed to the people in the community.
DetailsFor example, the community can support education after school, providing experiences crucial to mind development. Adults can show children importance of diligence, tell them community history, culture, and tradition, or teach them wise ways of seeing things that are not taught in school. They can also give children sense of security by interacting with them.
Follow-upOf course school curriculum aims at mind development with regard to the children’s ages, but the good old way of nurturing the young compensates for it.
Conclusion Children will be able to know who they are and be encouraged to be mature enough to positively educate themselves if they are taken care of by adult members of the community.
【主張】地域の援助により精神の発達が加速されるだろう。
【説明】地域の人に曝されることにより子供の意識と認識が刺激されるだろう。
【例】例えば地域社会は放課後の教育を支援し精神の発達にとって重要な経験を提供することができる。大人は勤勉の重要性を示したり地域の歴史・文化・伝統を伝えたり学校で教えない賢明なものの見方を教えたりすることができる。また交流することにより子供たちに安心感を与えることもできる。
【補足】もちろん学校のカリキュラムは子供の年齢に従った精神の発達を目標としているが、若者を育てる古くからある良い方法はそれを補完する。
【結論】 地域の大人が世話をすれば子供は自分が何者か理解し積極的に自習するほど成熟するように励まされるだろう。

Your Sample Paragraph Development
Main Idea
Explanation

Details


follow-up


Wrap-up

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